美洲大蠊的生药学及分子生药学鉴定

运用生药学及分子生药学方法，对美洲大蠊的中药材特征进行鉴别。采用高效体视显微镜和生物数码显微镜对美洲大蠊的性状特征及其粉末显微特征进行观察记录，并利用分子鉴定方法对美洲大蠊DNA做PCR扩增、测序。将测序结果与中药材DNA条形码鉴定系统中的数据进行同源性比对，检测结果与形态学方法鉴定结果相比较，验证生药学鉴别的准确性。结果显示美洲大蠊粉末体壁碎片多鳞片状纹理，内外壁分层明显；刚毛分粗细两种，颜色分明，二者之间的差异较大；复眼碎片特征明显。分子生药学鉴定结果为蜚蠊科大蠊属昆虫美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana L.，同源性100%。该研究可以确认美洲大蠊的中药材鉴别特征，为保障美洲大蠊药材的安全使用提供了实验依据。

Pharmacognostical and molecular pharmacognostical identificationof Periplaneta americana L.

The traditional Chinese medicine identification characteristics of Periplaneta americana L. were summarized via pharmacognosy and molecular pharmacognosy. The purpose of this study is to ensure the safety of P.americana when used as a traditional Chinese medicine component. First, the morphological and microscopic characteristics of P. americana were observed and recorded using a high-performance stereomicroscope and a biological digital microscope. Then, the molecular identification method was used to perform PCR amplification and sequencing on the DNA of P. americana. To verify the accuracy of pharmacognosy identification, the obtained sequencing results were compared with the data in the DNA bar code identification system of traditional Chinese medicine and the detection results were compared with the morphological identification results. The body wall fragments of P. americana are attached to a scaly texture, and the inner and outer layers of the body wall are distinct. The bristles of P. americana are segmented into coarse and fine types, and their color differences are obvious. The compound eye fragments of P. americana have obvious characteristics. The result of molecular pharmacognosy was P. americana (Insecta: Blattodea: Blattidae). The homology was 100%. Through this experiment, we can confirm the identification characteristics of P. americana as a Chinese medicinal material and provide experimental basis for its safe use.