南黄海盆地中—古生代海相地层油气保存条件

南黄海盆地中—古生代海相地层发育齐全且厚度较大,油气多源多期成藏,具备形成大型油气藏的物质基础,但一直未获得实质性的油气勘探突破。研究认为,多期构造事件造就了该叠合盆地复杂的构造格局,其良好的静态油气保存条件受到不同程度的后期叠加改造或破坏,油气保存条件成为关乎该区海相油气勘探能否取得突破的关键要素。为此,从构造运动与烃源岩条件、盖层特征、岩浆活动、水文地质地球化学特征等多个方面对该盆地海相地层的油气保存条件进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)多期构造事件造就了该盆地复杂的构造格局,2个主要阶段(中—古生代海相盆地稳定演化阶段和中—新生代构造变格与成盆阶段)控制了区域烃源岩的发育及演化,呈现出差异性油气保存的特点;(2)相对较弱的构造改造及品质较好的厚层烃源岩发育、纵向上良好的盖层封盖性能、较弱的岩浆活动、相对封闭性的水文地质条件是该区海相地层油气保存有利区需要同时具备的前提条件。结论认为:该盆地中部的崂山隆起构造稳定、断裂活动及岩浆活动较弱,油气保存条件较为优越,发育多个油气地质条件良好且生储盖组合完整的大型构造圈闭,是该区海相古生界油气勘探最为有利的远景区带。

Hydrocarbon preservation conditions in Mesozoic–Paleozoic marine strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin

In the South Yellow Sea Basin, Mesozoic–Paleozoic marine strata are generally well developed with large thickness, and they are characterized by multi-source and multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation, providing a material basis for the formation of large-scale oil and gas fields. However, no substantial breakthrough has been made in this area. Based on previous research results, the complex tectonic pattern of this superimposed basin was formed by multi-stage tectonic movements and the favorable static conditions for hydrocarbon preservation were reworked or destroyed by later superimposition. Therefore, hydrocarbon preservation conditions are the key factors for restricting the breakthrough of marine oil and gas exploration in this area. In this paper, hydrocarbon preservation conditions of marine strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin were comprehensively analyzed from many aspects, such as tectonic movement, source conditions, caprock characteristics, magmatic activities, and hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical characteristics. It is indicated that the complex tectonic pattern of the South Yellow Sea Basin is resulted from tectonic events in multiple stages, and the development and evolution of regional source rocks are mainly controlled by two stages (i.e., the stable evolution stage of Mesozoic–Paleozoic marine basin and the Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic pattern transformation and basin formation stage), so the characteristics of differential oil and gas preservation are presented. Besides, better marine hydrocarbon preservation preconditions in this area are weaker tectonic reworking, development of high-quality thick source rocks, good vertical sealing capacity of cap rocks, weaker magmatic activity and confined hydrogeological conditions. It is concluded that the Laoshan Uplift in the central part of the South Yellow Sea Basin is structurally stable with weaker faulting and magmatic activities, so it is better in oil and gas preservation conditions. Besides, several large-scale structural traps with good petroleum geological conditions and complete source–reservoir–caprock assemblages are developed in this area. Therefore, this area is the most promising region for Paleozoic marine oil and gas exploration in this basin.