老龄关节软骨和软骨下骨的变化及相互作用机制研究进展

衰老是骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)和骨质疏松等疾病的主要影响因素。然而,它们并不是衰老的必然结果,而且与衰老有关的骨和软骨的变化与疾病发展之间的关系尚不清楚。研究表明,骨关节炎的发生和发展并不是简单的软骨磨损过程,它的发生包括整个关节各组织复杂的生物、化学和力学变化,特别是软骨和软骨下骨之间生化和力学的相互作用。衰老促成OA的发生和发展,但并不是直接导致OA的原因。与衰老相关的变化为OA的发生提供了一个基础,使关节更容易受到其他因素(如异常的生物力学和生物化学)影响,从而促进OA发展。因此,了解衰老影响关节组织的基本机制可能会为减缓或预防OA发展提供新的靶点。从衰老过程中软骨和软骨下骨的年龄相关性变化、力学传导作用和血管新生机制3个方面对相关研究进展进行综述。

Research Progress on Changes and Interaction Mechanisms of Aging Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone

Aging is a major risk factor for diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis. However, they are not necessarily the results of aging, and the relationship between changes in bone and cartilage associated with aging and disease progression is still unclear. Studies have shown that the development and progression of OA is not a simple cartilage wear process, while its occurrence involves complex biological, chemical and mechanical changes in the tissues of the entire joint, especially the interaction of mechanics and biochemistry between cartilage and subchondral bone. Aging contributes to the occurrence and development of OA, but it is not the cause of OA. Changes associated with aging provide a foundation for OA to start, making joints more susceptible to other factors such as abnormal biomechanics and biochemistry, thereby promoting the development of OA. Therefore, understanding the basic mechanisms by which aging affects joint tissue may provide new targets for slowing or preventing the development of OA. In this paper, the related research progresses are reviewed from three aspects, i.e. age-related changes in cartilage and subchondral bone, mechanical conduction and angiogenesis.