医务人员职业防护现状的调查与分析

目的了解我院医务人员在医疗、护理工作中的职业防护现状,分析主要影响因素,探讨提高职业防护的有效措施。方法采用调查问卷对我院147例医务人员从事诊疗、护理活动基本防护、防护行为、洗手、针刺伤及预防接种情况进行调查分析。结果147例医务人员中从事诊疗、护理活动基本防护者占42.86%,接触患者的血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物及其污染物品时戴手套者占46.26%,接触诊断未明戴口罩者占42.86%,接触患者污物后能用肥皂或洗手液洗手者占47.62%;传染病流行期按危险程度使用防护用品者占48.98%,锐利器具和针头小心处理,防止刺伤者占69.39%,按正确的六步洗手法者占24.49%,洗手不擦手者占69.39%,发生针刺伤及时处理者占100.00%（上报58.33%,不报41.67%）。乙肝疫苗接种率95.24%,甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种率78.23%。结论影响医务人员职业防护主要原因：信赖多年习惯,而对防护的重要性认识不够,理论清楚,实际操作简化。注重医务人员职业暴露教育,从改变观念入手,强化安全防护意识,避免职业暴露感染疾病。

The investigation and analysis on the occupational protection status of medical personnel

Objective To understand the occupational prevention status in medical and nursing work of personnel in our hospital,analyzed the main factors and to probe effective measures of improving occupational prevention.Methods Adopt questionnaire to investigate and analyze the diagnosis and treat,the basic care of prevention activities,the prevention behaviors,hand-washing,acupuncture and preventive inoculation of 147 medical staff in our hospital.Results Among 147 medical workers,people who are engaged in the diagnosis and treat and the basic care of prevention activities cover was 42.86%,touched the blood,body fluid,secretion and the excretion of the patients with gloves was 46.26%,weared masks when diagnosis unclear was 42.86%,washed their hands with soap or liquid soap after reaching out to the patients＇ filth occupy was 47.62%,used protection articles according to the criticality during the epidemic period cover was 48.98%,took great care in handling with sharp equipments and pinheads in case of stabbing take up 69.39%,washed their hands with the correct six steps was 24.49%,didn＇t dry their hands after washing them account for 69.39%,took prompt measures when the stab happens cover was100.00%（of which reported58.33%,while 41.66% was not report）.The rate of inoculating vaccine to prevent hepatitis B was 95.24%,however,115 people have inoculated vaccine to prevent the type A H1N1 influenza,whose rate of vaccination was 78.23%.Conclusion The main causes of influencing occupational prevention of medical staff are relying on years of habits,but lack of enough awareness of the importance of prevention,and having adequate theory but simplifying the practical operation.Therefore we should focus on medical personnel＇s occupational exposure education,changing their attitude and strengthening the awareness of safety protection,to avoid infecting diseases because of occupational exposure.