试从“系”“膜”论十二经筋

《针灸学》教材中的十二经筋内容是强调从经脉角度对筋的分类与概括,其隐含之意,是将外在体表骨节之筋,等同于经筋。也许是"筋者,肉之力也,从力、从肉、从竹",使人们倾向于将经筋解读为连属骨节、具条索形的外在筋肉部分,而忽视了其体内分布。这对全面理解《灵枢·经筋》容易造成误导。笔者试结合《黄帝内经》原文,重点对十二经筋内行部分(内经筋),分别从其形、其用展开论述,认为内经筋可分为"系""膜"两大类,并发挥固定脏腑、协助呼吸、通行原气三大作用,应纳入十二经筋体系。

Discussion on twelve muscle regions from ‘system’ and ‘membrane’

The content of twelve muscle regions in the textbook of Acupuncture and Moxibustion is to emphasize the classification and generalization of tendons from the angle of channels. The implied meaning is to equate the external tendons of the bony joints with the channels. It may be that ‘the tendons are the force of the flesh, from the force, from the meat, from the bamboo’, which makes people tend to interpret muscle regions as an external muscle part and a rope shape connected to the bone nodes, but ignores their internal distribution. This is easy to mislead the comprehensive understanding of muscle regions of Lingshu·Jingjin. The author tried to combine the original text in Huangdi Neijing, and focuses on the internal part of twelve muscle regions, then respectively explained from its shape and its use. Muscle regions can be roughly divided into two categories: system and peritonaeum, which play three major roles in fixing viscus, assisting breathing and passing the original qi. The system of twelve muscle regions should be included.