水稻优质、优良食味品种选育技术与方法的初探

为了提高水稻优质、优良食味品种的选育效率,按照资源分类、性状互补、目标性状重组的原则选配组合;重点性状采取复交、回交转育、单倍体培养、海南加代等选育手段。提出了鉴定、筛选优良资源、增加组合配置数量,低世代选择优良组合,测定稻米外观品质;高世代机械测定稻米品质与食味,选留优良株系;稳定世代在测定稻米品质的基础上人工品评稻米食味;对目标性状采取压力选择、逆境选择、定向选择的选育方法,选育优质、优良食味品种。利用该项技术与方法从2010年以来选育并通过省级以上审定的品种17个,其中优质品种5个,获全国优良食味奖品种4个,获省科技进步二、三等奖品种3个。本文总结了优质、优良食味品种选育方法,并对今后优质、优良食味品种选育提出了建议。

Breeding Methods of High Quality and Good Taste Rice Varieties

To improve the breeding efficiency of rice varieties with high quality and taste, the selection and combination were conducted according to the principle of resource classification, characters complementation and target characters recombination. The key traits were selected by multiple cross, back cross, haploid culture, increasing generation in Hainan. We proposed the methods of identifying and screening excellent resources, increasing the number of combinations, selecting excellent combinations from lower generations and detecting the appearance quality of rice; for higher generation, detecting quality and taste by machine and selecting excellent strains; for stable generation, evaluating the taste artificially on the basis of measuring the quality of rice. The selection and breeding methods of stress selection, adversity selection and orientation selection were adopted for the target traits to select and breed high-quality and excellent taste rice varieties. Since 2010, 17 varieties have been selected and bred by this method and passed variety certification at or above the provincial level, among which, 5 varieties were of high quality, 4 varieties were awarded with the national good taste variety prize, 3 varieties won the second and third prize of the provincial science and technology progress. The paper also puts forward suggestions on the breeding of high quality and good taste rice varieties in the future.