基于CLHLS的老年人社区养老服务需求及影响因素研究

目的分析社区现有养老服务内容以及老年人对社区养老服务的护理需求,为政府合理分配社区养老服务资源,提高老年人生活质量提供参考。方法基于2017~2018年中国老年人健康长寿影响因素追踪调查数据(CLHLS),采集有关老年人期望社区提供的养老服务需求与社区供给情况,以及老年人人口学、社会经济状况、健康状况相关数据,运用Logistic回归分析方法,探究老年人社区养老服务需求的影响因素。结果共采集到11981名老年人数据资料。75.7%的老年人希望得到保健知识教育服务,42.2%的老年人报告其社区会提供该类服务;64.3%的老年人希望得到居家护理服务,但仅10.2%的老年人报告其社区会提供此类服务;81.0%的老年人希望得到家访照顾,35.0%的老年人报告其社区会提供此类服务;67.3%老年人希望提供心理咨询服务,但仅12.1%的老年人报告其社区会提供此类服务。老年人的年龄、居住地、居住现状、经济情况及健康状况等是影响其社区养老服务需求的主要因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论老年人对社区养老服务需求较大,但我国社区养老仍存在供需不平衡、城乡差距明显以及老年人生活水平差异等。社区养老应以老年人需求为导向,建立多层次、全方位、多元化的养老服务体系,提高社区养老服务质量,满足老年人社区养老服务需求。

Older adults' needs of community elder care service in China and the influencing factors:an empirical research based on CLHLS

Objective To analyze the existing contents of community service for the aged and older adults′needs of community elder care service,and provide a reference for the government to reasonably allocate community elder care service resources and improve the quality of life of the older adults.Methods By mining the 2017-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)data,such information as,the services provided by the communities,and older adults′demographic,socio-economic and health related data,was collected.Then Logistic regression analysis was run to probe into the factors influencing older adults′needs of community elder care service.Results A total of 11981 older adults were included,among whom,75.7%wanted health education services,versus 42.2%reporting that the communities where they lived had provided such services;64.3%wanted home-based care,versus only 10.2%reporting that their communities had offered such services;81.0%were in need of home visits and care,versus 35.0%reporting that their communities had provided such services;67.3%wished for psychological counseling services,versus only 12.1%reporting that their communities had offered such services.Such factors as older adults′age,places of residence,cohabitation status,economic status,and health status contributed to influence their needs of community elder care service(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Older adults in China have strong needs of community elder care service,but there are still many problems,as in the imbalance of supply and demand,the widened gap between urban and rural areas and the differences in the living standards of the aged.It is recommended that directed by older adults′needs,community elder care service should be built on a multi-tier,full-range and diversified system,which would improve community elder care quality and satisfy older adults′needs.