黄河流域近百年产沙情势变化

基于实测降雨、水文、坝库拦沙、灌溉引沙和河道冲淤等数据,分析了1919-2016年黄河潼关以上流域实际产沙量、产沙强度和不同时期下垫面在多年平均降雨情况下的产沙能力变化。结果表明,20世纪30年代以后,流域产沙能力逐渐增大,至50~70年代达到顶峰;80~90年代以后,流域产沙逐渐减少,其中2010-2016年流域产沙强度只有1919-1939年的23%。1919-2016年流域年均产沙量为13.7亿t。在多年平均降雨和1919-1953年下垫面情况下,潼关年均来沙量应约为14.6亿t;至1956-1975年,该值达到16.6亿t。

Processes of sediment yield in the Yellow River basin in recent hundred years

Based on prototype data on rainfall,runoff,sediment discharge,sediment deposition amount in the reservoirs and check dams,sediment diversion amount by irrigation and sediment discharge of channel,the sediment yield and sediment yield intensity of the Yellow River basin above Tongguan station in 1919-2016 are analyzed.The sediment yield capacity under the multi-year average rainfall conditions were also analyzed for the underlying surface during different periods.Results show that,the sediment yield capacity of the Yellow River basin had been increased gradually since the 1930s,and reached peak in the period from 1950s to 1970s.The basin sediment yield capacity had been decreased gradually after the period from 1980s to 1990s.The sediment yield intensity from 2010 to 2016 was only 23％ of that in 1919-1939.annual sediment yield of the Yellow River basin is 1.37 billion t in 1919-2016.Under the condition of multi-year average precipitation and the underlying surface from 1919 to 1953,the annual sediment discharge at Tongguan station should be approximately 1.46 billion t.In the period in 1956-1975,the annual sediment discharge at Tong guan station could be 1.65 billion t.