钢包工作衬用耐火材料的研究现状及最新进展

综述了近年来钢包工作衬用耐火材料的研究现状及最新进展, 尤其对传统钢包工作衬用耐火材料的应用背景及存在问题进行了分析和汇总.在此基础上, 进一步提出了适用于超低氧钢(或洁净钢)冶炼用耐火材料的研发方向, 即通过耐火原料组分选择和结构匹配设计, 实现对耐火材料性能的精确控制.新型钢包工作衬用耐火材料需兼顾优异热机械性能的同时, 还应具备钢水净化的功能. 

Current research and latest developments on refractories used as ladle linings

Non-metallic inclusions significantly influence the properties of steels. Take heavy rail steel as an example, Al₂O₃ inclusions can become fatigue source under cyclic stress, resulting in the rupture of the steel. Existing technologies and equipment can effectively reduce the amount and harm brought about by such inclusions, but they cannot guarantee the complete removal of large-sized and high-melting-temperature inclusions. Large-sized non-metallic inclusions give rise to instability in high-quality steels; as such, they are one of the bottlenecks in the development of steel. In the steel-making process, refractories in close contact with molten steel are a main source of large-sized non-metallic inclusions. Therefore, adopting appropriate ladle-lining refractories for refining and alloying is vital. This paper summarized the current research and latest developments in refractories used as ladle linings, and analyzed the application background and existing problems of traditional ladle lining refractories. Based on this discussion, future research directions regarding refractories suitable for the smelting of ultra-low-oxygen steel (or clean steel) as well as approaches to precisely control refractory properties via the reasonable selection of material components and structures were then provided. Novel ladle-lining refractories must possess not only excellent thermomechanical properties but also the ability to purify molten steel.