音乐诱发负性情绪对语音工作记忆和空间工作记忆不同影响的事件相关电位研究

目的 探讨恐怖背景音乐诱发的负性情绪对语音工作记忆和空间工作记忆的影响.方法 15名来自中国农业大学的学生,分别在放松和恐怖的背景音乐中完成工作记忆任务.每种音乐播放结束后,完成SAM自我情绪报告九点评分.工作记忆的任务分为语音和空间两种,并采用n-back范式.试验中记录被试的脑电,并对头皮前部的LPC和头皮后部的P300波幅分别进行分析.结果 情绪的主观报告表明,放松条件下的愉悦度、唤醒度、控制度分别为:(5.40±0.91)分、(3.93±0.79)分、(5.33±1.29)分;恐怖条件下的对应3个维度为:(2.00±0.75)分、(6.47±0.99)分、(2.33±0.89)分.恐怖的背景音乐使被试唤醒度升高(t(14)=9.906,P＜0.01),而愉悦度(t(14)=15.902,P＜0.01)和控制度(t(14)=6.708,P＜0.01)降低.脑电结果中,头皮前部LPC波幅的情绪主效应显著(F(1.14)=7.37,P＜0.01),无论是空任务还是语音任务其波幅在负性条件下都有所减小;而对于头皮后部P300而言,情绪和任务类型具有交互作用(F(1.14)=11.25,P＜0.01),只有空间任务下的P300波幅在负性条件下有所减小(F(1.14)=12.43,P＜0.01).结论 背景音乐能够对工作记忆产生影响,并且这种影响的程度对于不同类型的工作记忆有所不同,空间工作记忆更容易受到负性情绪的干扰.

The different effect of negative emotion induced by background music on verbal and spatial working memory: evidence from ERP study

Objective To investigate the different effect of negative emotion induced by background music on verbal and spatial working memory. Methods Fifteen participants were exposed in relaxing or horrible background music and did the working memory task. After each emotional condition, the 9-point Self Assessment Manikin scale was registered. n-back paradigm was employed as WM task and the WM task contained two different types, the verbal WM and spatial WM. In the same time,The ERPs during each emotional condition was recorded,and the anterior LPC and posterior P300 were analyzed. Results The valence,arousal and dominance were 5.40±0.91,3.93 ±0.79 and 5.33 ± 1.29 in relaxing condition,while the same dimensionalities in negative condition were 2.00 ± 0.75,6.47 ± 0.99 and 2.33 ± 0.89. The self reported data showed that horrible background music induced the negative emotional state, which were observed from the decrease of valence (t(14)= 15. 902, P ＜0.01) and dominance (t(14) =6.708, P＜0.01) while the increase of arousal (t (14)=9.906, P＜0.01). The ERP data showed,there was a main effect in emotion with anterior LPC (F (1.14)= 7.37, P ＜ 0.01) and in both verbal and spatial WM,the amplitude of LPC were reduced in negative emotional condition. However, there was an interaction of emotion and type on amplitude of P300 (F (1.14)= 11.25, P ＜ 0.01), selective influence of negative emotion in spatial WM were seen (F (1.14)= 12.43, P＜0.01). Conclusion The WM was influenced by negative emotion induced by negative background music ,and the spatial WM was more vulnerable to negative emotion.