贵州区域性暴雨过程的定量化评估及气候特征

利用贵州省84个气象观测站点1961—2020年逐日降水数据，定义贵州省区域暴雨标准，构建了综合考虑暴雨过程持续时间、暴雨范围、平均暴雨量3个指标的贵州区域性暴雨过程综合强度评估方法和雨涝年景指数，分析近60a贵州区域暴雨过程次数、强度和雨涝年景指数等特征和变化。结果表明：贵州区域性暴雨过程共出现721次，平均每年12.0次，2015年最多达20次，1961年最少仅4次；区域性暴雨过程3—9月均可出现，6—7月最为集中，6月最多，3月最少；区域性暴雨过程以0.4次/10a 的速率呈弱的上升趋势，年际和年代际特征明显；区域性暴雨过程的影响范围多为6～19站，持续天数为 1～5 d，平均暴雨量多为60～80mm；强、特强暴雨过程呈显著增加趋势，较强暴雨过程呈略微增加趋势，一般性暴雨过程呈略微减少趋势；雨涝年景指数呈显著上升趋势，7个强雨涝年2014、2020、1996、1999、1995、2000和1991年均出现在1990年后。

Quantitative Assessment of Regional Heavy Rainfall Process in Guizhou and Its Climatological Characteristics

Based on the daily precipitation data of 84 meteorological observation stations in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2020, the regional heavy rainfall process in Guizhou Province is defined, the comprehensive intensity evaluation method and harvest index of rain waterlogging in Guizhou are constructed, which comprehensively consider the duration, scope and average rainstorm volume of rainstorm process, and the characteristics and changes of rainstorm process times, intensity and annual flood index in Guizhou in recent 60 years are analyzed. The results show that there are 721 regional rainstorm processes in Guizhou, with an average of 12.0 times a year, up to 20 times in 2015 and at least 4 times in 1961; Regional rainstorm processes can occur from March to September, with the most concentrated from June to July, the most in June and the least in March; The regional rainstorm process shows a weak upward trend at the rate of 0.4 times /10a, with obvious interannual and interdecadal characteristics; The influence range of regional rainstorm process is mostly 6 ~ 19 stations, the duration is 1 ~ 5 days, and the average rainstorm is mostly 60 ~ 80mm; Strong and extra strong rainstorm processes show a significant increasing trend, strong rainstorm processes show a slight increasing trend, and general rainstorm processes show a slight decreasing trend; The annual index of rainfall and waterlogging shows a significant upward trend. The seven strong rain waterlogging years 2014, 2020, 1996, 1999, 1995, 2000 and 1991 appear after 1990.