药用植物车前内生真菌分离及其抑菌活性初步分析

目的：研究药用植物车前可培养内生真菌多样性及其抑菌活性特征。方法：通过组织块法对内生真菌进行分离，并选择小麦全蚀病菌、枸杞黑果病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌和黄瓜立枯病菌5 种植物病原真菌和枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌4 种细菌作为指示菌，采用对峙法和改进的菌块法测定抑菌活性。结果：从车前根茎叶组织器官中分离出13 株内生真菌，以茎部最多，叶部次之，根部最少；经形态学初步分类鉴定归于2 个目，2 个科，5 个属；其中有11 株菌对1 种或多种植物病原真菌指示菌有不同程度的抑制作用，占菌株总数的84.6%，6 株内生真菌对1 种或多种供试细菌指示菌具有不同程度的抑制作用，占分离菌株总数的46.2%；3 株活性菌株PAEFS001、PAEFS007、PAEFS008 分别对5 种供试植物病原真菌指示菌具有明显抑制作用，菌株PAEFS001 属于束丝菌属，菌株PAEFS007 和PAEFS008 同属于曲霉属；1 株活性菌株PAEFS003 分别对枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌2 种供试细菌指示菌有明显的抑制作用，属于梭孢霉属；药用植物车前内生真菌具有明显的抑菌活性，抑制植物病原真菌的范围较宽，对革兰氏阳性菌枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用明显，具有一定的选择性。结论：从药用植物车前内生真菌寻找新的抑菌活性物质是可行的，通过对其进行开发和利用，对提高药用植物车前的综合利用价值具有重要意义。

Isolation of Endophytic Fungus from Plantago Asiatica L. and Its Microbial Inhibition Activity

This study was aimed to explore the resource diversity and microbial inhibition activity of endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Plantago asiatica L. The endophytic fungi were isolated from the root, stem and leaf of the host by tissue inoculation culture and five plant pathogenic fungi and four bacteria strains used as indicating microbes to test microbial inhibition activity by agar plate antagonistic action and modified agar gel diffusion methods. The results indicated that thirteen fungal endophytic strains were isolated from the host. Most of them came from stem, then leaf, and root as the least in number. The isolated strains attribute to five genera, two families, and two orders based on morphological characteristics. For the isolated strains, eleven of them were found to have some microbial inhibition activities against one or more indicating fungi, making up 84.6% of the total isolates. Six isolated strains had some antimicrobial activities against one or more indicating bacteria, amounting to 46.2% of the total isolates. Three isolated active strains, which are PAEFS001, PAEFS007 and PAEFS008, exhibited evident inhibition activities against five kinds of pathogenic fungi used in the trials respectively. The strain of PAEFS001 ascribed to Ozonium sp. Both strains of PAEFS007 and PAEFS008 ascribed to Aspergillus sp. One active strain of PAEFS003 showed evident antibacterial activities to Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccus aureus, which belonged to Fusidium sp. The endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Plantago asiatica L. have evident antimicrobial activities. Their inhibition activities against pathogenic fungi have relatively broad spectrum. And their inhibition activities to both Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccus aureus as G+ are evident and have certain selectivity. It is feasible to find new bioactive compounds associated with endophytic fungi from Plantago asiatica L. Further research and development of the endophyic fungi will be important for the integrated utilization of the host.