深圳市南山区三种特殊人群肺结核病宣教效果评估

目的 了解深圳市南山区学生密切接触者、肺结核患者、羁押人员3种特殊人群对结核病相关知识的知晓程度,评估宣教效果,从而有针对性地开展结核病健康教育工作.方法 对学生密切接触者(分层整群抽样)、初治肺结核病人(单纯随机抽样)和全体羁押人员进行两次肺结核病相关知识宣教,在宣教前及宣教后3个月分别进行问卷调查以评估宣教效果.结果 共对424名调查对象进行了宣教干预,总知晓率由64.0％提高到82.7％(x2=303.100,P＜0.001).学生密切接触者、肺结核患者和羁押人员肺结核病相关知识知晓率分别从宣教前的81.5％、65.0％和51.3％提高到宣教后的90.0％、82.0％和80.3％,宣教前后3种人群知晓率差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论 讲座形式的结核病相关知识的强化宣教,可以提高肺结核患者和羁押人员对结核病防治知识的认知,对于学生密切接触者这类人群应探索更为有效的宣教方法.

Evaluation of health education on pulmonary tuberculosis among three special groups of population in Nanshan district, Shenzhen city

Objective To assess the knowledge mastered by three special groups of population on tuberculosis （TB） prevention and therapy. Methods Persons with close contact with students （stratified sampling）, pulmonary tuberculosis patients （random sampling） and prisoners were provided with 2 lessons of health education on pulmonary tuberculosis. And questionnaire surveys were conducted before and after the health education. Results 424 participants received the health education, and the rate of knowledge on TB was increased from 64.0% to 82.7%. The rate of awareness on TB in persons with close contact with students, pulmonary tuberculosis patients and prisoners was increased from 81.5%, 65.0% and 51.3% （before health education） to 90.0%, 82.0% and 80.3% （after health education）, respectively. The differences in the rate of awareness were statistically significant （P0.001）. Conclusion The intensive health education can significantly improve the awareness on the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. Other measures should further be explored for the improvement of the effectiveness of health education.