爆破机理的推墙假说研究

在长期的露天矿台阶爆破实践中，发现前排孔抵抗线过小是爆破产生极底的主要原因之一。作者在几个基本命题的基础上，提出了爆破机理的推墙假说，及以此为理论基础的前排孔加密爆破技术，推墙假说认为，两孔间的贯穿是两孔中炸药的爆炸力向自由面合推墙效应的结果，且要求岩墙厚度适度，均匀，有充足的补偿空间，且施力均衡。而大区微差爆破则是把一堵厚岩墙分成若干个薄岩墙，然后分别推倒，所以，微差挤压爆破不如前排孔退后且加密。还指出前排孔加密爆破技术应采用三角形布孔，排间起爆，以便达到合推的效果。

A Study on the Pushing Wall Hypothesis for Blasting Mechanism

In the long-term bench blasting practice of open pit mining, it is found that the primary reason for toe left in blasting operations is due to the excessive small burden of the first row of holes. Based on the several fundamental propositions, the pushing wall hypothesis is put forward for the blasting mechanism and the new blasting technology using denser holes of first row is proposed based on this fundamental theory. According to the pushing wall hypothesis, the thorough connection of two neighboring holes is the result of pushing a wall toward the free face by the combined force of blasting of the charges inside these two holes under the conditions that the rock wall should have a proper thickness and homogeneity and provide enough compensation space and perform even exertion of the blasting force. For millisecond blasting in a large area, the thick rock wall is divided into several thin rock walls which are pushed down respectively. Therefore, the result of millisecond squeezed blasting is not as good as the blasting with retreated and densed the holes of first row. It is pointed out that a triangular hole layout and inter-row igniting blasting should be adopted with the densed the hole of first row blasting technology so as to reach the result of joined pushing.