女性肺癌危险因素的病例对照研究

目的探讨女性肺癌的危险因素。方法采用成组匹配的病例-对照研究方法,调查女性肺癌患者208例和对照组208例。内容包括一般人口学特征、居住史、饮食习惯及结构、吸烟和饮酒史等。应用非条件Logistic回归进行单因素和多因素分析,并按体质指数（Body Mass Index）和教育程度调整。结果室内烹调油烟（OR=4.405,95%CI=2.243~8.644）、家庭（OR=2.009,95%CI=1.262~3.200）和工作场所被动吸烟（OR=2.630,95%CI=1.270~5.446）、使用农药（OR=2.394,95%CI=1.212~4.726）是女性肺癌的可能危险因素。经常食用新鲜水果（OR=0.175,95%CI=0.078~0.395）、饮茶（OR=0.565,95%CI=0.335~0.952）、经常进行锻炼（OR=0.455,95%CI=0.266~0.780）以及初潮年龄〉16岁（OR=0.536,95%CI=0.299~0.959）则是肺癌的可能保护因素。结论改善住宅通风、安装抽油烟机,增加新鲜水果摄入和饮茶有助于预防肺癌。

A Case-control Study of Risk Factors for Female Lung Cancer

Objective To explore the risk factors for lung cancer among women.Methods A case-control study was designed with 208 female lung cancer patients and the same number of control subjects.Epidemiological investigation was performed for every subject,including demographic data,residential conditions,dietary habits and structure,smoking and drinking history.Results were analyzed with unconditional logistic regression and adjusted according to their BMI and education level.Results Multivariate analysis revealed that indoor cooking fumes（OR=4.405,95%CI=2.243~8.644）,involuntary smoking at home（OR=2.009,95%CI=1.262~3.200） and occupational setting（OR=2.63,95%CI=1.270~5.446）,and exposure to pesticide（OR=2.394,95%CI=1.212~4.726） were associated with increased risk of female lung cancer.Intake of fruit（OR=0.175,95%CI=0.078~0.395）,consumption of tea（OR=0.565,95%CI=0.335~0.952）,frequent physical exercise（OR=0.455,95%CI=0.266~0.780） and late menarche（age 16 years）（OR=0.536,95%CI=0.299~0.959） were identified as the protective factors.Conclusion The improvement of residential ventilation,installation of fume extractors and consumption of tea and fruits may protect females from lung cancer.