制药污泥热解制备生物炭及对制药废水的吸附处理性能分析

利用制药污泥热解制备生物炭，考察ZnCl₂活化条件对生物炭吸附性能的影响，并探究生物炭对制药废水的吸附处理特性。提高ZnCl₂活化剂的浓度和浸渍比均可提升制药污泥生物炭的吸附性能，5 mol/L ZnCl₂活化剂在1:1浸渍比下获得的生物炭的比表面积达到534.91 m2/g，碘吸附值和苯酚吸附值分别达到674.61，119.12 mg/g。制药污泥生物炭对制药废水COD吸附动力学与叶洛维奇模型和拟二级吸附动力学模型较为相符，1 h内为生物炭对COD的快速吸附阶段。制药污泥生物炭投加量的提升，可提高废水中污染物去除率，在50 g/L生物炭投加量下吸附1 h，可实现66.3% COD和61.8%可吸附有机卤素（AOX）的去除。而多级吸附可在较低投加量下实现更好的污染物去除效果，1 g/L投加量下进行6级吸附可去除72.8%的COD和65.2%的AOX。这揭示了制药污泥在ZnCl₂活化条件下热解可制备高吸附性能生物炭，并展现了出色的制药废水吸附处理效果。

PREPARATION OF BIOCHAR BY PYROLYSIS OF PHARMACEUTICAL SLUDGE AND ITS ADSORPTION PERFORMANCE IN TREATING PHARMACEUTICAL WASTEWATER

This study adopted pyrolysis to prepare biochar from pharmaceutical sludge, investigated the influence of ZnCl₂ activation conditions on the adsorption performance of biochar, and explored its performance in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. Increasing the concentration and impregnation ratio of ZnCl₂ activator improved the adsorption performance of pharmaceutical sludge biochar. The specific surface area of biochar reached 534.91 m2/g, and iodine value and phenol adsorption value reached 674.61 mg/g and 119.12 mg/g, respectively, under ZnCl₂ concentration of 5 mol/L and impregnation ratio of 1:1. The adsorption kinetics of COD in pharmaceutical wastewater by the pharmaceutical sludge biochar was more consistent with the Elovich model and the pseudo-second order model. The rapid adsorption of COD by the biochar occurred within 1 h. The increase in the dosage of biochar improved the removal of pollutants in wastewater. COD removal and AOX removal achieved 66.3% and 61.8%, respectively, by adsorption at 50 g/L biochar dosage for 1 h. The multi-stage adsorption could achieve better pollutant removal effect at a lower dosage, as the 6-stage adsorption at a biochar dosage of 1 g/L removed 72.8% of COD and 65.2% of AOX. The study revealed that pyrolysis of pharmaceutical sludge with ZnCl₂ activation could produce high quality biochar, which possessed excellent potential in pharmaceutical wastewater adsorption treatment.