医学生人格特质与共情能力的相关性研究

目的  测评医学生的共情能力现状，探讨人格特质对其共情能力的影响,为培养医学生的共情能力提供对策。方法  以上海市3所高校临床医学专业学生为研究对象，采用班级整群抽样的方式进行问卷调研。采用杰斐逊共情量表-医学生版（JSPE-S）和大五人格量表（NEO-FFI）分别评估医学生的共情和人格特质。结果  共发放问卷2 020份，回收有效问卷1 958份，有效率为96.93%。医学生的共情能力总分均值为（103.24±14.35）。共情能力总分与大五人格中的“外向性”“开放性”“宜人性”“严谨性”维度呈显著正相关（r=0.154~0.406, P<0.01），与大五人格中的“神经质”维度呈显著负相关（r=-0.175, P<0.01）。分层回归结果表明：“共情重要性”和“大五人格”量表的5个维度进入回归方程。其中，人格因素占可解释方差变异量的16.2%（P<0.01）。结论  我国医学生的共情能力低于国外医学生，重视人格特质的塑造有助于提高其共情能力。

Correlation study of personality traits and empathy among medical students

Objective  To explore the influence of personality traits on empathy among medical students. Methods  Medical students of three medical colleges in Shanghai participated in this study, and questionnaire survey was conducted by cluster sampling of class. The empathy and personality traits of medical students were assessed by the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Student Version (JSPE-S) and the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Results   2020 questionnaires were handed out and 1958 valid samples were collected. The effective rate was 96.93%. The mean score of JSPE-Swas103.24±14.35. The correlation analysis showed that the empathy was correlated positively with “extraversion”, “openness”, “agreeableness”, and “conscientiousness” (r=0.154~0.406, P<0.01), while negatively with “neuroticism” (r=-0.175, P<0.01). The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that “importance of empathy” and five dimensions of “NEO-FFI” were significant for predicting the scores of empathy. Personality traits explained 16.2% of the variation. Conclusion  Chinese medical students’ empathy level is lower than that of foreign medical students. Strengthening the education of personality traits may help to improve medical students’ empathy.