石河子荒漠绿洲农业自然资源空间分布特征与资源潜力分析

根据气候统计资料和4个气象站多年气象数据,分析了石河子地区光、热、水、土资源的空间分布特点,并计算分析了该区主要作物的光合潜力、光温潜力变化规律。结果表明,石河子地区光能资源丰富,高于长江中下游及同纬度其他地区;沙漠、戈壁的增温效应使其热量资源高于国内同纬度其他地区。降水量虽小,作为灌溉农业的调节用水,可基本上满足生产需要。该地区土地资源丰富,但耕地质量差。其主要作物实际产量与光合潜力、光温潜力相差很大,具有较明显的增产潜力。对光温潜力分析表明,该区产量的主要限制因子是水,其次是温度。同时根据对石河子荒漠绿洲耕地资源潜力、宜农土地光热资源潜力和水资源潜力的分析,提出了自然资源优化和可持续利用的措施和模式。

Analysis of distribution and potentials of agricultural and natural resources of Shihezi Desert Oasis

The spatial distribution of light,quantity of heat,water and land resources were analyzed based on the statistic materials and weather data of four weather stations in Shihezi area.The photosynthetic and photo-thermal productive potentials of major desert crops under different light energy utilization ratios in Shihezi were also analyzed.Shihezi area owns abundant light resources,being more than middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River and other areas with same latitude in China.The increasing desert temperatures imply that the quantity of heat resource in desert oasis of Shihezi area is much higher than inland arable lands of the same latitude.The little rainfall in this area can basically meet the requirement of irrigated agricultural production.The land resource is abundant but with lower agrarian quality.Results indicate significant differences between real yield and photosynthetic,photo-thermal productive potentials,and water is the first important limiting factor and heat second for the production increasing in this area.On the bases of farmland resource potential,light and heat resource potentials of the arable lands,water resource potential,the optimized measures and modes of sustainable utilization of natural resources are advanced.