溴酸盐对水生生物的急性毒性效应

采用标准毒性测试方法,分析了溴酸钾、溴酸钠、溴化钾对水生生态系统中不同营养级生物包括发光菌、绿藻、水蚤、斑马鱼的急性毒性效应.结果表明,3种污染物对发光菌发光强度几乎没有影响,溴酸钾对斜生栅藻的96 h EC50为738.18mg·L-1;对大型蚤和裸腹蚤的48 h EC50分别为154.01 mg·L-1和161.80 mg·L-1,48 h LC50分别为198.52 mg·L-1和175.68mg·L-1;对斑马鱼的96 h LC50为931.4 mg·L-1.溴酸钠对斜生栅藻的96 h EC50为540.26 mg·L-1;对大型蚤和裸腹蚤的48 h EC50分别为127.90 mg·L-1和111.07 mg·L-1,48 h LC50分别为161.80 mg·L-1和123.47 mg·L-1;对斑马鱼的96 h LC50为1 065.6 mg·L-1.而溴化钾对以上几种受试生物的影响远小于溴酸钾和溴酸钠的影响,对比可知引起受试生物产生毒性效应的原因是由溴酸盐引起的.毒性作用规律显示,随着暴露时间的增加,溴酸盐的毒性效应越明显,受试生物对溴酸盐的毒性效应的敏感顺序为:大型蚤、裸腹蚤斜生栅藻斑马鱼普通小球藻、发光菌.

Acute Toxic Effects of Bromate on Aquatic Organisms

Acute toxic effects of potassium bromate, sodium bromate and potassium bromide on luminescent bacteria, water flea, green alga and zebrafish were studied using standard toxic testing methods. The results showed that the pollutants had no effect on the luminous intensity of luminescent bacteria. The 96 h EC₅₀ of potassium bromate on Scenedesmus obliquus was 738.18 mg ·L^-1, 48 h EC₅₀on Daphnia magna and Moina was 154.01 mg ·L^-1 was 161.80 mg ·L^-1, while 48 h LC₅₀ was 198.52 mg ·L^-1, 175.68 mg ·L^-1, and 96 h LC₅₀ on zebrafish was 931.4 mg ·L^-1. The 96 h EC₅₀ of sodium bromate on Scenedesmus obliquus was 540.26 mg ·L^-1, 48 h EC₅₀on Daphnia magna and Moina was 127.90 mg ·L^-1, 111.07 mg ·L^-1, while 48 h LC₅₀ was 161.80 mg ·L^-1, 123.47 mg ·L^-1, and 96 h LC₅₀ on zebrafish was 1065.6 mg ·L^-1. But the effects of potassium bromide on the above several kinds of aquatic organisms were far smaller than those of potassium bromate and sodium bromate. The toxic effects on test organisms were due to the impacts of bromate after the comparison of different pollutants, and the effects were more obvious with the increase of exposure time. The order of sensitivity to the toxic effects of bromate was Daphnia magna, Moina > Scenedesmus obliquus > zebrafish > Chlorella vulgaris, luminescent bacteria.