陕西省汉中市轮状病毒和诺如病毒感染性腹泻监测结果

目的 了解2016—2019年汉中市病毒性感染性腹泻中常见的病原型别变化和流行趋势,为病毒性感染性腹泻防控提供科学依据。 方法 对采集的感染性腹泻病例的粪便标本,分别用胶体金法、Real-time RT-PCR方法进行A组轮状病毒抗原、诺如病毒核酸检测。 结果 822份标本中检出阳性243份,阳性率为29.56%,A组轮状病毒、诺如病毒GⅠ亚型、诺如病毒GⅡ亚型、诺如病毒GⅠ/GⅡ混合型阳性构成比分别为42.80%、5.76%、50.62%、0.82%;不同性别间阳性率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;各年龄组间阳性率差异有统计学意义（P<0. 05）;A组轮状病毒、诺如病毒引起的病毒性感染性腹泻有明显的季节性。 结论 2016—2019年汉中市感染性腹泻发病率基本呈现下降趋势,其中病毒性感染性腹泻主要以A组轮状病毒、诺如病毒GⅡ亚型为主,在加强推广接种口服A组轮状病毒疫苗减少3岁以下儿童发病的基础上,应进一步加强诺如病毒的日常监测。

Surveillance results of rotavirus and norovirus diarrhea in Hanzhong,Shaanxi

Objective To understand the change and epidemic trend of common pathogenic types in viral diarrhea in Hanzhong City from 2016 to 2019, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of viral diarrhea. Methods The stool samples of infectious diarrhea cases were detected by colloidal gold method and real time RT-PCR for Rotavirus antigen and Norovirus nucleic acid in group A. Results 243 of 822 samples were positive, the positive rate was 29.56%, which was 42.80%, 5.76%, 50.62% and 0.82% respectively, compared with Rotavirus, Norovirus G I, Norovirus GⅡ and Norovirus G I/G II mixed type in group A (P<0.05); the difference of the positive rate among the age groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The viral diarrhea caused by Rotavirus and Norovirus in group A was seasonal. Conclusion From 2016 to 2019, the incidence rate of infectious diarrhea in Hanzhong showed a decreasing trend. Viral diarrhea mainly consisted of group A Rotavirus and Norovirus GⅡ subtype. Based on the promotion of the vaccination of oral A group Rotavirus vaccine to reduce the incidence of children under 3 years old, the daily surveillance of Norovirus was further strengthened.