杂交型DNA电化学生物传感器研究进展

杂交型DNA电化学生物传感器是一类利用核酸互补配对杂交原理检测和分析特定DNA序列的电化学生物传感器.由于其具有快速简便、选择性好、灵敏度高等优点,在临床医学、遗传工程、环境检测、食品安全监测和生物科学等领域有着重要的应用价值.简述了杂交型DNA电化学生物传感器的一般原理,对共价键结合法、自组装法、生物素-亲和素法、电聚合法以及吸附法等单链DNA的固定方法和DNA杂交信号的直接和间接电化学转换机制的近期研究进展进行了深入探讨,并对其在医疗检测和转基因植物检测等基因检测方面的最新应用和发展趋势进行了论述.

Development of electrochemical DNA hybridization biosensor

The electrochemical DNA hybridization biosensor is a kind of electrochemical biosensor, which detects and analyzes the specific DNA sequences based on nucleic acid hybridization.Because it has the advantages of rapid,simple,high sensitivity and high selectivity,the electrochemical DNA hybridization biosensor plays an increasingly important role in clinical diagnosis,genetic engineering, environmental analyses,food safety monitoring,and biological weapons.The general principles of electrochemical DNA hybridization biosensor are described.The recent researches about the ssDNA immobilization methods are reviewed,such as covalent binding,self-assembly method,biotion-avidin method,electro-polymerization and adsorption,and DNA hybridization electrochemical direct/indirect indication mechanism.Finally,the applications in gene detection are researched,such as medical detection and transgenic plants detection,and the development trend of electrochemical DNA hybridization biosensor is discussed.