非洲铂族金属矿产资源禀赋特征、成矿潜力及开发利用

铂族元素（Platinum group elements，PGEs）作为地壳最稀缺的一类金属元素，是重要的战略性矿产资源，与金一样，具有经济和科技双重的功能。非洲铂族金属矿产资源丰富且高度集中，占世界资源量> 80 %，主要集中在南非和津巴布韦。本文在前人研究基础上，对非洲PGEs矿床主要成矿类型、时空分布特点和开发利用现状进行了总结，研究认为：（1）非洲大型-超大型PGEs矿床成因类型主要为岩浆型，在时空上与世界级铁质-镁铁质大火成岩省（南非布什维尔德和津巴布韦大岩墙）密切相关，可细化分为脉状铜镍硫化物型、整合接触型铜镍硫化物型、脉状铬铁矿型和钒钛磁铁矿型。依据区域构造演化及其所产出的矿化特征，认为以铁质-镁铁质岩有关的岩浆型矿床仍具有较大的找矿潜力。(2)非洲铂族金属矿产勘查开发程度相对较高，近十年是全球勘查资金投入最多的地区，同时也是世界第一大Pt生产地和第二大Pd生产地。从事勘查开发的主要为世界顶级PGEs矿业寡头。（3）非洲是全球一次性铂族金属矿产品主要供应国，主要出口至美国、日本、中国、德国和英国。加强与南非、津巴布韦等国家之间的合作，保障PGEs资源供应的安全对我国尤为重要。

Resource endowment, metallogenic potential, exploitation and utilization of platinum-group elements deposits in Africa

As the rarest metals in the crust, platinum group elements (PGEs) are one of the important strategic minerals. The mineral resources of PGEs in Africa are abundant and highly concentrated, accounting for > 80 % of the total world''s resources, mainly distributed in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Based on previous studies, this paper summarizes the main metallogenic types, spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and development and utilization status of PGEs deposits in Africa. Research shows that (1) the large and super-large PGEs deposits in Africa are dominated by the magmatic-type, which are closely related to the world-class large igneous provinces (LIPs, e.g. South Africa Bushveld Igneous Complex and Zimbabwe Great dyke) in time and space. They can be divided into the vein Cu-Ni sulfide, conformable contact Cu-Ni sulfide, vein-like chromite and V-Ti magnetite types. According to the regional tectonic evolution and mineralization characteristics, it is considered that magmatic-type deposits in LIPs still have great prospecting potential. (2) Africa has a relatively high level of PGEs mineral exploration and development. At present, Africa is the region with the largest investment in exploration funds, as well as the world''s largest Pt production region and second largest Pd production region. The world''s top PGEs mining oligarchies are the primary features engaging in exploration and development. (3) Africa is the world''s leading supplier of PGEs products, mainly exported to the USA, Japan, China, Germany and the U.K. Strengthening the cooperation with South Africa, Zimbabwe and other relevant African countries is significant for the security of PGEs resource supply to China.