水葫芦和香蒲对富营养化水体及其底泥养分的吸收

为探明水葫芦、香蒲改善富营养化水体水质的效果及其对底泥养分释放的影响,以其为试材,采用人工模拟试验方法,分析其对不同富营养化水体及其底泥养分吸收的情况。结果显示:水葫芦比香蒲有更好的适应性,在不同浓度的水体中生物量快速增加,而香蒲则需要较长的适应期;在总氮、总磷浓度分别为3.2～14.2 mg/L和0.2～1.0 mg/L的富营养化水体中,水葫芦、香蒲均可有效地消减上覆水中总氮和总磷。处理3个月后,水葫芦净化系统的总氮、总磷浓度分别降至0.84～0.86 mg/L、0.035～0.044 mg/L,对水体总氮、总磷的去除量分别为72.0%～94.0%、82.5%～98.1%,总氮、总磷的负荷去除量分别为18.4～105.8 mg/(m2.d)、1.3～7.6mg/(m2.d);香蒲净化系统的总氮、总磷的浓度分别降至0.96～1.09 mg/L、0.030～0.062 mg/L,对总氮、总磷的去除率分别为66.0%～92.8%、77.0%～93.8%,总氮、总磷的负荷去除量分别为8.4～52.3 mg/(m2.d)、0.6～3.7 mg/(m2.d)。表明水生植物水葫芦和香蒲可有效消减富营养化湖泊水体氮、磷等内源污染物,对富营养化水体水质具有良好的改善效果。

Nutrients uptake in eutrophic water and sediment by water hyacinth and cattail

Water hyacinth and cattail were employed as experimental materials to study their effects on the purification of eutrophic water and nutrients release from sediment.The results showed that water hyacinth grown in eutrophic water with different concentrations of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) had a more rapid increase in biomass than cattail,indicating that water hyacinth owned a better adaptability to different concentrations of TN and TP.Cultivation of both water hyacinth and cattail effectively reduced TN and TP in the overlying water with initial concentrations of 3.2-14.2 mg/L for TN and 0.2-1.0 mg/L for TP.After three-month water hyacinth treatment,the concentrations of TN and TP in overlying water were decreased to 0.84-0.86 mg/L and 0.035-0.044 mg/L,respectively,the removal rates of TN and TP were 72.0%-94.0% and 82.5%-98.1%,and the load removal rates of TN and TP were 18.4-105.8 mg/(m2·d)and 1.3-7.6 mg/(m2·d),respectively.The concentrations of TN and TP in cattail purification system was lowered to 0.96-1.09 mg/L and 0.030-0.062 mg/L,respectively,the removal rates of TN and TP were 66.0%-92.8% and 77.0%-93.8%,and the load removal rates of TN and TP were 8.4-52.3 mg/(m2·d)and 0.6-3.7 mg/(m2·d),respectively.It indicated that cultivation of water hyacinth and cattail reduced the endogenous N and P in eutrophic lakes and improved water quality.