小麦生长动态对穗粒结构的影响分析

目的]为扬麦14号的生产管理提供依据。方法]于2005～2006年进行扬麦14号播种密度试验,使小麦形成不同的长势,研究长势与穗粒结构的关系。结果]小麦的基本苗和总苗数、分蘖数、叶龄、株高、次生根条数、干物质积累量、抽穗期叶面积指数对穗粒结构的主要指标都有影响,影响最明显的是拔节期总苗数、越冬期单株分蘖数、冬前期和返青期叶龄、株高、冬前期和越冬期次生根条数、拔节期到成熟期干物质积累量和抽穗期叶面积指数。拔节期总苗数、冬前期单株成穗数、叶龄余数、冬前期株高、越冬期次生根条数、越冬期干物质重和抽穗期单茎叶面积对小麦单产的影响较大。结论]小麦长势影响穗粒结构,最终影响产量和品质。通过人工干预使小麦长势向着高产优质的穗粒结构方向发展。

Analysis on the Effects of Wheat Growth Dynamics on Spike-grain Structure

Objective] The aim of the research was to provide basis for the production and management of Yangmai 14. Method] In the field test of Yangmai 14 in 2005-2006, different growth vigor of wheat was formed by different sowing density to study the relationship between the growth vigor and the spike -grain structure. Result] The basic seedlings and total seedlings of wheat, tillerings, leaf age, plant height, the number of secondary roots, the accumulation amount of dry matter and the leaf area index in the heading stage all had some effects on the spike-grain structure. The most obvious influencing factors included total seedlings in the jointing stage, tillerings per plant in overwintering stage, leaf age and plant height in earlier winter stage and regreening stage, the number of secondary roots in earlier winter stage and overwintering stage, dry matter accumulation from jointing stage to maturity stage and leaf area index in the heading stage. And total seedlings in the jointing stage, spike- bearing number per plant in earlier winter stage, leaf-age remainder , plant weight in earlier winter stage, the number of secondary roots in overwintering stage, dry matter weight in overwintering stage and leaf area per stem in the heading stage had greater effects on the unit yield of wheat. Conclusion] The growth vigor of wheat affected the spike-grain structure and finally affected the yield and the quality. Artificial intervention can make the growth vigor of wheat towards the spike-grain structure with high yield and good quality.