基于OpenFOAM的水陆两栖飞机水面高速滑行研究

在开源软件OpenFOAM的两相流动态解算器中添加了激励盘，数值研究了考虑动力影响的大型四发涡桨水陆两栖飞机在水面高速滑行时的典型力学特性。针对水陆两栖飞机的特殊性，全面考虑了飞机高速滑行时的水动力、气动力、地面效应以及螺旋桨的动力影响，较为真实地模拟了飞行器水上起飞的瞬时状态。首先，在interDyMFoam中添加了激励盘模型，以体积力的形式将螺旋桨旋转产生的动量注入流场，用以模拟飞机起飞时大拉力情况下滑流的动力学影响，较螺旋桨非定常模拟方法大幅减少了计算量。其次，对Wigley船体标模和螺旋桨单桨模型分别进行了考核，验证了OpenFOAM的水动力计算能力并确认了新加入的动态激励盘方法的可靠性。最后，利用建立的方法研究了水陆两栖飞机水面单断阶滑行过程中的气动力和水动力特性并给出了滑流和动力的影响规律。

Numerical simulation of amphibious aircraft taxiing at high speed on water using OpenFOAM

An actuator disk method is coupled with the dynamic two-phase flow solver in OpenFOAM. A numerical study is conducted for the dynamic characteristics of an amphibious aircraft with four turboprop engines during taxiing at high speed on water. Considering the particularity of amphibious aircraft, the effects of hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, slipstream of propellers together with the ground effect of water are studied simultaneously by simulating the instantaneous state when the aircraft is about to leave water. Firstly, to simulate the slipstream of propellers during takeoff, an actuator disk code is added in interDyMFoam solver, which greatly improves the efficiency of computation compared with the direct simulation of propeller rotation.The momentum generated by the rotation of the propeller is injected into the flow field in the form of volume force to simulate the dynamic effect of the slipstream of the large thrust during the aircraft takeoff process. Secondly, both the hydrodynamic calculation ability of OpenFOAM and the newly added actuator disk are validated through the Wigley model of towing tank test and the single propeller wind tunnel test. At last, the characteristics of hydrodynamics and aerodynamics of amphibious aircraft taxiing at high speed on water are analyzed by the coupled solver and the thrust of power combined with slipstream effect is investigated as well.