广西少女月经情况调查分析

目的调查广西少女月经病的流行病学特征,为开展青春期少女的生殖健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法对广西5个城市10所中学80个班级1 632名15～20岁的少女进行问卷调查。结果初潮年龄（13.00±1.34）岁,不同体重指数的少女初潮年龄不同（P〈0.05）,体重指数越大初潮年龄越早。月经病症状在高中女生中普遍存在,自报发病率为61.5%。月经失调较常见（45.2%）,其次是痛经（18.5%）和经前期紧张综合征（PMS,15.3%）。学习压力大的少女PMS的发病率较高（P〈0.05）;每天睡眠时间〈8 h的女生月经失调、PMS发病率高于睡眠时间≥8 h的少女（P〈0.05）;不同区域的少女月经初潮年龄不同、月经病发病率不同。汉族、壮族少女月经病发病率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。患月经病少女的就诊率为25.8%。少女月经知识主要来自同学之间的交流（64.1%）,其次是书籍（58.1%）、父母（44.5%）。57.4%的少女不知道自己的月经情况是否健康。结论学习压力、睡眠时间、社会生活环境是少女月经病的主要影响因素。少女月经病症状普遍存在,绝大多数少女缺乏月经生理知识,仅部分少女及时就诊。加强少女月经生理健康教育,是减少少女月经病发生的重要措施。

Survey and Analysis on Menstrual Status of Adolescent Girls in Guangxi

Objective To survey the prevalence and treatment of menstrual problems and their help-seeking source among adolescent girls in Guangxi,and provide evidence for adolescents＇ reproductive health education.Methods An administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 632 adolescent girls aged 15-20 years in highschools from 5 cities in Guangxi.Results The age of menarche was（13.40±1.42）years＇ old.Girls with different BMI had different menarche ages（P0.05）.Menstrual problems were common among female students,of whom 61.5% reported their adverse experience about menstruation.The prevalence of menstrual disorder,dysmenorrhea and premenstrual tension syndrome were 45.2%,18.5% and 15.3%,respectively.The morbidity of menstrual problems were different significantly between girls with different study stress,bed time and social environment（P0.05）.However,only 25.8% of the rate of treatment-seeking for the girls with menstrual problem（P0.05）.Most girls acquired the knowledge about menstruation from classmates（64.1%）,books（58.1%）and their mothers（44.5%）.57.4% of the rate of the girls didn＇t understand their menstrual states.Conclusion Study stress,bed time and social environment are the main effects of menstrual problems.The menstrual problems of adolescent are common.But they lack knowledge and experience with effective treatment.Health education on menses physiology to puberty girls should be enhanced.Health education measures are needed to reduce female-pathology and boost female reproductive health.