自移式吸能防冲巷道超前支架设计与研究

为提高支架抗冲击性能，有效防治巷道冲击地压，针对冲击地压矿井，从防冲角度创新设计了自移式吸能防冲巷道超前支架。支架可调节支护宽度，采用前推后拉实现自动移架，顶梁安装薄壁六边形吸能防冲构件，立柱安装扩径式吸能防冲构件，支架具有吸能让位防冲功能。采用吸能防冲支架支护巷道，将形成“围岩-吸能支护”系统，冲击地压发生时，一是吸能防冲构件通过塑性变形直接耗散围岩冲击能；二是吸能防冲构件让位空间给煤岩提供了一定的能量释放空间，间接耗散围岩冲击能；三是构件恒力变形阶段改善了支架受冲击载荷时的受力情况，也为液压阀开启提供了时间，有效提高了支架抗冲性能；四是支架吸能让位过程中，支架与围岩自调节后又形成新的“围岩-支护”系统，有利于巷道稳定。吸能防冲支架具有较高的支护强度和较强的抗冲击载荷能力，为防治巷道冲击地压提供一种新型支架。

Design and study of self-moving energy absorption and anti-impact roadway advanced support

In order to improve the anti-impact property of support,prevent and control the rockburst effectively,the self-moving energy absorption and anti-impact roadway advanced support for rockburst mine is designed and innovated from the point of anti-impact.The support can adjust the supporting width.The function of support self-moving is realized through the front pushing-back pulling way.The top beam is installed with thin-walled hexagonal energy absorption and anti-impact components.The column is installed with expanding diametral energy absorption and anti-impact components.The support has the function of yield,energy absorption and anti-impact.The “surrounding rock-energy absorption supporting” system can be formed when using the energy absorption and anti-impact support to support roadway.When rockburst occurs,first,the energy absorption and anti-impact component can dissipate the surrounding rock impact energy directly through plastic deformation.Second,the yielding space of energy absorption and anti-impact component provides a certain amount of energy releasing space for coal rock,and dissipates the impact energy of surrounding rocks indirectly.Third,the constant force deformation stage of component improves the forcing situation of support under impact loading,provides time for hydraulic valve opening,and effectively improve the anti-impact performance of support.Fourth,in the process of yielding and energy absorption,the support and surrounding rock form a new “surrounding rock-support” system again after self-adjustment,which is conducive to the stability of roadway.The energy absorption and anti-impact support has higher supporting intensity and stronger anti-impact ability,and provides a new type of support to prevent and control rockburst.