文化经济视角下景迈山芒景村布朗族山康茶祖节的重构

在现代社会,文化变迁遵从资本逻辑,节庆的重构受到经济导向的影响。论文以云南省景迈山芒景村布朗族的“山康茶祖节”为研究对象,于2015年1月、2016年4月、2017年4月、2018年1月进行了4次田野调查,采用参与式观察和非参与式观察与当地居民、政府工作人员、外地游客共计38人进行深度访谈,探讨了节庆重构的过程与机制。研究发现：山康茶祖节重构了布朗族2大文化体系,即茶祖文化和茶魂文化。节庆蕴含的文化成为市场经济中的文化符号,产生了经济价值,经济成为地方文化形成的外部驱动力,“在地者”民族文化认同成为地方文化形成的深层内部驱动力。节庆表征了当地民族文化,促进了茶经济的发展,改善了“在地者”的生活,山康茶祖节成功地将文化与经济融合起来,丰富了节庆的内涵。研究探讨了传统节庆在经济导向下的文化重构,深入揭示了节庆的内涵演变,有助于扩展传统节庆的理论研究。

A cultural economy perspective on the reconstruction of the Shankang Tea Ancestor Festival of the Bulang people in Mangjing Village of Jingmai Mountain

In modern society, cultural evolution follows the logic of capital, and the reconstruction of festivals is influenced by economic forces. Based on the research of the Shankang Tea Ancestor Festival of Bulang people in Mangjing Village, Jingmai Mountain, Yunnan Province, this article discusses the reconstruction process of the invented festival. In order to study the process and mechanism of the festival's reconstruction, four field investigations through participatory observation and non-participatory observation were carried out respectively in January 2015, April 2016, April 2017, and January 2018, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 38 local residents, government officials, and tourists. Empirical findings indicate that the festival reconstructs two main cultural systems of the Bulang people—the Tea Ancestor culture and the Tea Soul culture. The culture in festivals has become a cultural symbol in the market economy and has produced economic values. Economy becomes the external power of the construction of local culture and the native people's cultural identity becomes the internal driving force. The festival represents the local ethnic minority culture, promotes the development of tea economy, and improves the livings of local inhabitants. The Shankang Tea Ancestor Festival successfully integrates culture and economy, which in turn enriches the connotation of the festival. The study explored the cultural reconstruction of traditional festivals through an economic perspective and deeply revealed the evolution of meaning, which expands the theoretical research of traditional festivals.