基于POI数据的西安市零售业空间格局及影响因素研究

基于POI数据,利用核密度估计、缓冲区分析等方法刻画西安零售业空间集聚状态,确定零售业分布核心范围,并利用双变量空间自相关分析、近邻分析等方法探究零售行业之间的空间集聚关系,以及零售业与居住小区、交通因素的空间关系。研究表明： ① 西安市零售业呈“中心-外围”结构,以钟楼为中心连片集聚分布,在距离钟楼16 km范围内为零售业分布核心区,在阎良、高陵、临潼、鄠邑4个郊区呈“孤岛”状集聚。② 文化、体育用品及器材零售,纺织、服装及日用品零售业更倾向于在内城分布,而汽车、摩托车、零配件和燃料及其他动力销售业,五金、家具及室内装饰材料零售集中在租金低但交通方便的城市中心外围。③ 集聚效应、人口分布与路网影响零售业的空间分布。与居民日常生活关系密切的零售行业如综合零售,食品、饮料及烟草制品零售,纺织、服装及日用品零售等在空间上集聚以接近消费者,分享消费市场和空间场地,而耐用品零售行业如汽车、摩托车、零配件销售业,家具及室内装饰材料零售等倾向于自身集聚,以共享品牌效应。交通干线尤其是城市二级道路明显影响零售网点的空间分布。

Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of Retailing Industries in Xi'an Based on POI Data

In the long-term evolution and competition, the spatial pattern of retailing industries reflects the rules of location selection and residents' needs. Based on POI data, the spatial pattern of retailing industries in Xi'an is analyzed. The spatial distribution pattern and agglomeration state of retailing industries sub sectors are analyzed by using Kernel density estimation, and bivariate spatial autocorrelation, nearest neighbor analysis method. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) Because of close relative to urban residents' daily life, retailing industries' spatial agglomeration reflects the distribution pattern of the urban center and the scope of the economically active area in Xi'an. The overall structure of the retailing industries in Xi'an is classical ‘center-periphery’, with the Bell Tower at the center, and the area within 16 km from the bell tower. The retailing industries act as a ‘single island’ in the four outer suburbs peripheral, Yanliang, Gaoling, Lintong and Huyi. 2) The spatial distribution characteristics of retailing are related to the residents' aligned consumption frequency. Products retailing with large daily consumption tend to be located in inner-city, while the product retailing with durable consumer goods, especially the products that need to occupy a large site, tend to be the peripheral area. The retailing of culture/sports goods and equipment, the retailing of textiles/clothing and daily necessities tend to distribute in inner-cities, while the retailing of automobiles, motorcycles, spare parts/fuel/other power, and the retailing of hardware, furniture and interior decoration materials are more inclined to distribute in the periphery area in Xi'an. 3) The comprehensive retailing, the retailing of food/beverage and tobacco products, the retailing of textiles/clothing and daily necessities, and the retailing of medicine and medical equipment tend to be centralized, to get close to consumers, and share the consumption market and space. While the retailing of automobile, motorcycle, spare parts/fuel/other power, and the retailing of hardware, furniture and interior decoration materials tends to be centralized itself obviously to share the brand effect. The spatial distribution of retailing outlets is obviously affected by traffic hubs, trunk lines, especially urban secondary roads.