我国工业污染源产排污核算系数法发展历程及研究进展

污染源排放量及其变化趋势是重要的环境管理基础信息，是国家和地方准确预判生态环境形势、高效开展生态环境管理决策和实施产业结构优化调整等的重要依据.工业污染源产排污系数作为我国工业源污染物排放量核算的主要方法之一，过去30年来为工业领域污染减排和环境监管等提供了重要支撑.本文综述了国内外产排污系数研究和应用现状，梳理了我国3次较大规模的产排污系数制修订历程，并从制定方法、覆盖度、核算方法等多个维度进行了比对分析.结果表明:随着对工业生产认识的不断深入以及环境保护要求的不断变化，我国3次制修订的产排污系数也在同步变化和升级，在产排污系数的覆盖度、适用性等方面不断提升.对工业污染源产排污系数现状及其存在问题的分析结果表明，我国产排污系数广泛应用于环境管理制度与技术支撑、节能减排与产业结构调整以及环境科学相关研究等方面，为上述工作提供了重要的支撑.但由于我国产排污系数仍存在缺乏动态更新机制等原因，导致其时效性不足，适用性有待持续提升，亟需将系数制定的方法标准化，制定过程中的定量化方法也有待进一步拓展研究.针对上述问题提出如下建议:研究提出工业污染源产排污系数后评估方法，有计划开展系数后评估；建立工业污染源产排污系数标准体系框架，实现核算体系标准化；完善工业污染源产排污系数核算技术体系，开展系数的动态更新；加强工业污染源产排污系数在环境管理中的应用研究，为排污许可、环境统计、污染源普查等多套工业污染源数据统一和融合提供基础. 

Development and Research Progress of Pollutant Generation and Discharge Coefficients for Industrial Pollution Sources in China

Pollutant discharge and change trends provide basic information for environmental management, and provide an essential basis for the state and local governments to predict the status of ecological environment accurately, carry out the decisions for ecological environmental management and implement industrial structure optimization and upgrades efficiently. The pollutant generation & discharge coefficients (PGDCs) of industrial pollution sources, one of the main methods to calculate the emissions of pollutants from industrial sources, strongly support the emission reduction of industrial pollution and environmental supervision in the past three decades in China. This paper summarizes the research and the applications of PGDCs in China and foreign countries, reviews three large-scale formation and revisions of PGDCs in China, and compares these PGDCs from multiple dimensions, such as formulation methods, coverage and accounting methods. We find that with the deepening of understanding of industrial production and the continuous changes of environmental protection requirements, the revised PGDCs in China are improving and upgrading in terms of the coverage and applicability. By analyzing the current PGDCs and related problems, we find that PGDCs are widely used and strongly support environmental management system and technical assistance, energy conservation and emission reduction, industrial structure upgrades and the related research on environmental science. However, the lack of dynamic mechanism to update PGDCs seriously jeopardizes their applicability in a timely manner, and there is an urgent need for a standardized method to upgrade PGDCs and further research on a quantitative method for computing PGDCs. This study provides suggestions for solving aforementioned issues: propose an ex-post evaluation method for PGDCs and to conduct ex-post evaluation of coefficients regularly; build a framework of the standardized system for PGDCs and standardize the accounting system; improve the accounting system of PGDCs and dynamically update of the coefficients; strengthen the research on the application of PGDCs in environmental management and establish a base for the unification and integration of multiple sets of data on industrial pollution sources, such as pollutant discharge permits, environmental statistics, and pollution source census.