股骨远端复杂骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨股骨远端严重粉碎骨折有效治疗方法. 方法在动物实验基础上,我们于2001年3月～2002年8月,应用AO髁支持钢板及自行设计翼状解剖型钢板内固定与同种异体骨移植治疗股骨远端复杂骨折26例,均为AO/ASIF分类中33C3.3.采用AO技术,术中平均植骨46 g. 结果术后24例伤口Ⅰ期愈合,2例伤口感染经换药愈合.24例4～11个月达到骨性愈合,2例过早负重致固定失败而再次手术.随访7～25个月,平均14个月,根据Shelbourne and Brueckmann膝关节功能评定标准,优5例,良18例,可1例,差2例,优良率为88.5%. 结论翼状解剖型钢板远端螺钉孔为长椭圆形且有连续钉孔,适合于严重粉碎骨折;翼状解剖型钢板及髁支持钢板内固定与充分植骨是治疗股骨远端复杂骨折较理想的方法,同种异体骨可以取代自体髂骨植骨.

OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF COMPLICATED DISTAL FEMORAL FRACTURES

Objective To explore an effective way for treating severe complicated distal femoral fractures. Methods Twenty-six patients with complicated distal femoral fracture who all belonged to 33C 3.3 type according to AOASIF classification, were treated with a lateral condylar buttress plate or self-desinged aliform anatomical plate, and operated on with allogeneic bone grafting. Results All cases were followed up for an average of 14 months (ranging 5-25 months). Twenty-four wounds were primary healing postoperatively, 2 wounds were infected and healed after dressing change. Twenty-four had bone healing after 4-11 months, 2 needed to operate again because of earlier weight-bearing resulting in fixation failure. According to shelbourne and Brueckmann score, the excellent and good rate was 88.46%. Conclusion The internal fixation for complicated distal femoral fracture by self-designed aliform anatomical plate and lateral condylar buttress plate with a great deal of allograft bone is an effective surgical method. As it has long oval holes and the holes are consecutive ,the aliform anatomical plate is more suitable for severe complicated fractures. At the same time, autogenous-ilium transplantation can be substituted by the allograft bone.