超声滚压表面强化技术的研究现状与应用

超声滚压表面强化技术是一种新型的材料表层后处理工艺,利用预置初始静压力和动态超声冲击力耦合的方式对材料表层进行往复加工,从而达到“削峰填谷”的光整效果,获得更深的表面纳米硬化层和有益的残余应力。首先介绍了超声滚压技术的加工原理和特点,然后从试验影响参数、数值模拟、性能应用、复合加工工艺等几个方面总结了超声滚压技术的研究进展,其中工艺参数(静压力、超声振幅、主轴转速、进给速度、进给量、滚压次数和覆盖率)的择优对材料组织与性能之间的调控效果具有明显改善作用,通过对试验研究中的工艺进行数值模拟,选取优化的工艺参数可以获得较好的材料表面完整性。重点综述了超声滚压处理对金属材料在耐磨性和耐疲劳性能等方面的改善效果,以及其他工艺辅助超声滚压技术对材料性能提升的协同调控作用,通过对超声滚压工艺参数的合理选择,能够实现材料表面纳米结构的形成、有益残余应力的转化和表面显微硬度的提升等方面的协同效果,从而改善材料的微观组织形貌、耐磨性、耐冲蚀性和耐腐蚀性等。最后总结了现有超声滚压表面强化技术存在的不足,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,即进一步结合工程产品需求和应用领域进行技术创新,进而推动超声滚压表面强化技术的持续发展。

Research and Application of Ultrasonic Rolling Surface Strengthening Technology

The mechanical, physical and chemical properties of metal materials, such as wear resistance, erosion resistance, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance, largely depend on the surface integrity of the material. As a new type of material post-processing technology, the ultrasonic rolling surface strengthening technology uses the method of coupling the preset initial static pressure and the dynamic ultrasonic impact force to complete the reciprocating processing of the material surface, achieving the smoothing effect of "cutting peaks and filling valleys". A deeper surface nanohardening layer and beneficial residual stress are obtained, they have unique advantages in improving the surface integrity of the material. In recent years, the research and application of ultrasonic rolling technology have become a research hotspot in the field of advanced manufacturing. Many scientific researchers and engineering technicians have deepened their research on the effective control of ultrasonic rolling process parameters and other process-assisted ultrasonic rolling composite processing technology. Research has achieved technological innovation in the preparation of high-performance materials and the remanufacturing of components. This paper introduces the research status and application of ultrasonic rolling surface strengthening technology at home and abroad, enumerates the shortcomings of the existing ultrasonic rolling surface strengthening technology, and looks forward to the future research direction.