有机-无机复合气凝胶的制备及其阻燃性能研究进展

以有机高分子材料为基体，复合无机填料制备的气凝胶复合材料具有超轻、绝热、阻燃等优异特性，可广泛应用在建筑节能保温、电子工业、航空航天等领域。本文报道了有机-无机气凝胶复合材料的制备工艺过程和方法，对比了现有气凝胶材料制备方法的优缺点，并综述了当前研究热点的几种常见气凝胶复合材料:聚乙烯醇类、纤维素类、海藻酸盐类、果胶类有机相复合无机组份气凝胶材料的研究进展。总结了气凝胶复合材料的未来发展方向:亟需在气凝胶材料的机械性能优化方面做出改进，还需提高气凝胶复合材料耐水性能，研究无机填料对不同基体气凝胶阻燃等性能的影响规律，拓展生物质可降解高分子基气凝胶复合材料的种类，实现气凝胶材料的工业化应用。 

Research progress on preparation and flame retardant properties of organic-inorganic composite aerogel

Aerogel composites made from organic polymer materials and inorganic fillers have excellent properties such as ultralight, heat insulation and flame retardant, which can be widely used in building energy saving and heat preservation, electronics industry, aerospace and other fields. This paper reported the preparation of organic-inorganic aerogel composite materials processes and methods, compared the advantages and disadvantages of the existing aerogel materials preparation methods, and summarizes the current research hot spots of several common aerogel composite materials, including: poly (vinyl alcohol), cellulose, alginate and pectin as organic phase, inorganic components as filler. The future development of aerogel composites is summarized: the mechanical properties and water resistance of aerogel composites need to be improved, the influence of inorganic fillers on the properties of aerogels with different matrixes should be studied, the variety of biomass degradable aerogel composites should be expanded, and the industrial application of aerogel materials needs to be realized.