尾矿库溃坝泥石流相似模拟试验台设计及验证

泥石流是一种极具破坏力的地质灾害类型，而尾矿库溃坝形成的泥石流除产生巨大破坏力外，还会造成严重的环境污染问题，为了分析其流态演进过程设计了泥石流相似模型试验台。本尾矿库溃坝泥石流相似模拟试验台采用全透明技术以观察泥石流的流态演进过程，同时在传感器对应位置外侧固定量尺，以记录泥石流流动过程中泥深的动（泥石流淹没高程）静（泥石流结束后滞留泥浆高度）态变化。与现有技术相比具有5大优点，主要体现在弯度调节、坡度调节及闸门装置3大系统，并通过相似模型试验与前人研究成果对比，验证了此试验台的可行性，对完善矿山泥石流流体力学理论及矿山泥石流防灾减灾工作具有重要的科学价值及意义。

Design and verification of similar simulation test bed for debris flow due to dam break of tailings pond

The debris flow is a kind of geological hazard with the huge destructive force, and the debris flow due to the dam break of tailings pond can cause serious environmental pollution besides the huge destructive force, so it is necessary to design a similar simulation test bed for debris flow to study the evolution process of its flow regime. The similar simulation test bed for debris flow due to dam break of tailings pond adopted a totally transparent technique to observe the flow regime evolution process of debris flow. Meanwhile, the dynamic (submerged elevation of debris flow) and static (height of retained mud after completion of debris flow) change of debris flow depth were recorded by the measuring gauge located outside the corresponding positions of sensors. Compared with the existing technologies, it had 5 advantages which mainly reflected in three system including the camber adjustment, slope adjustment and gate device. The feasibility of this test bed was verified by comparing the similar simulation tests with the previous research achievements. It has scientific value and significance to improve the fluid dynamics theory and the disaster prevention and mitigation work of mine debris flow.