Use of crude oil fouling threshold data in heat exchanger design |
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| Affiliation: | 1. 96 Park Road, Swarthmoor, Ulverston, Cumbria LA12 0HJ, UK;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK;3. ESDU International plc, 27 Corsham Street, London N1 6UA, UK;1. Institute of Process Equipment and Control Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China;2. Centre for Process Integration, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;1. Institute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran;2. School of Chemical Engineering & Institute of LNG, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, Iran;2. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The existence of a `threshold' below which chemical reaction fouling of heat transfer surfaces by crude oil does not occur has been identified by Ebert and Panchal Fouling Mitigation of Industrial Heat-Exchange Equipment, Begell House, 1997, 451–460] and clearly demonstrated by Knudsen et al. Understanding Heat Exchanger Fouling and its Mitigation, Begell House, 1999, 265–272]. This phenomenon has important implications for the design and operation of heat exchangers in refinery pre-heat trains used for the processing of crudes. In this paper we show how a consideration of the fouling threshold condition can be incorporated into the design procedures for shell-and-tube heat exchangers. We then proceed to show how fouling can be mitigated through attention to heat exchanger design, particularly the choice of configuration. The cost of improperly designed units, based on the conventional use of `fouling factors', is demonstrated. |
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