营养物质和水分对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫繁殖和寿命的影响

【目的】研究韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga成虫对营养物质的选择补充习性,找出对其产卵繁殖起重要作用的关键因子,为其有效防控提供依据。【方法】通过室内成虫单独配对试验,研究不同营养物质(花粉、蜂蜜、维生素、糖、醋、酒)和水分对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫繁殖和寿命的影响。【结果】随着花粉、蜂蜜和维生素浓度的增加,成虫的繁殖力下降;糖醋酒液单一成分和混合液对成虫繁殖和寿命的影响与水分相近;补充供试营养物质和水分对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的繁殖力均明显高于干燥对照。补充水分的成虫繁殖力最高,产卵率超过70%,单雌平均产卵量达70粒,雌雄成虫寿命最长均超过3 d。土壤湿度对产卵有显著影响,土壤相对湿度为40%和50%时,成虫的落卵率超过25%,落卵量大于480粒,显著高于其它湿度(P<0.05)。【结论】水分是影响韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫繁殖和寿命的关键因子,供试的营养物质对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊繁殖没有促进作用,因此在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫盛发期可以通过控制田间土壤湿度来影响韭菜迟眼蕈蚊繁殖。

Effects of supplementary nutrition and water on the reproduction and longevity of Bradysia odoriphaga

Objectives] To provide a theoretical basis for controlling Bradysia odoriphaga by managing natural environmental factors. Methods] The effects of supplementary nutrition (pollen, honey, vitamin, sugar, acetic acid and ethanol), and water, on the reproduction and longevity of B. odoriphaga were assessed in the laboratory. Results] Supplementary nutrition and water significantly improved adult reproduction and prolonged longevity compared to dry filter paper. Water had the greatest positive effect on reproduction and longevity;insects provided with water had an oviposition rate>70%, fecundity per female>70, and adult male and female longevity>3 days. Soil moisture also significantly affected reproduction;the oviposition rate was higher when soil-RH was 40%-50%. Conclusion] Water had the most important effect on the reproduction and longevity of B. odoriphaga, indeed, adults did not need any other nutrition. We can improve control of B. odoriphaga by controlling their access to water in the field.