真空低温太阳辐照环境下的天线热变形测量技术

航天器结构在轨受到空间外热流影响而产生巨大温度梯度，将导致结构热致变形，为了保证有关地面模拟考核验证的有效性，必须对在轨外热流进行尽可能真实的模拟，同时采用高精度的热变形测量手段获取航天器的结构变形数据。文章介绍了一种热变形测试试验方法，系国内首次将太阳模拟器外热流模拟法和非接触摄影测量法结合应用在某天线的地面模拟热变形测试试验中，在真实模拟天线在轨温度分布的同时精确获取了天线上大量的点云变形数据。经数据比较分析，天线变形实测数据与在轨仿真分析一致，在1.5 m口径范围内的变形测量精度优于15 μm，验证了该测试试验方法的有效性，为航天器结构的在轨热效应模拟和测试评估提供了新的试验手段。

Technique for measuring thermal deformation of antenna under solar irradiation in vacuum cryogenic environment

The structure of the spacecraft in orbit is vulnerable to the external heat flow environment, with a huge temperature gradient and related with structural thermal deformation. In order to improve the effectiveness of related ground assessment test, a high realistic simulation of the on-orbit heat flow is required, and high-precision thermal deformation measurements are to be performed to obtain the structural deformation data. This paper presents a method for the thermal deformation test, that is, the external heat flow simulation using the solar simulator, combined with the non-contact photogrammetry of an antenna in a vacuum cryogenic environment. The on-orbit temperature distributions of the antenna are simulated, and a large amount of the point cloud deformation data on the antenna are accurately obtained. The comparisons show that the measured data of the antenna’s deformation are consistent with the simulation analysis, and the deformation measurement accuracy is better than 15 μm over the entire 1.5 m aperture. Thus the effectiveness of the solar thermal deformation test method is verified, which can provide a new test approach for the on-orbit thermal effect simulation, test and evaluation for the spacecraft structure.