广州市1996—2005年管网末梢水卫生状况及对策分析

目的了解广州市管网末梢水的水质情况，为随时监测全市生活饮用水水质的动态变化提供信息并提出改进措施。方法对广州市1996—2005年管网末梢水水质监测资料进行统计，按照GB5749—85《生活饮用水卫生标准》和卫生部《生活饮用水卫生规范》（2001年）进行分析评价。结果共监测606份水样，合格155份，合格率为25．58％。不合格的项目主要有锰、游离余氯、细菌总数、色度、铁和耗氧量。在广州市疾病预防控制中心检测的项目中，锰的合格率仅为59．57％，游离余氯的合格率为76．73％，细菌总数的合格率为85．81％，色度的合格率为88．12％，铁的合格率为88．94％，耗氧量的合格率为96．37％。结论广州市管网末梢水的锰、游离余氯、细菌总数和铁等项目合格率较低，今后应加强饮水的氯化消毒、对管网的定期检修和冲洗、减少二次供水水箱的使用和设立管网水水质自动监测系统。

Analysis of the Drinking Water Quality in Guangzhou from 1996 to 2005

Objective To investigate the quality of domestic drinking water in Guangzhou, and provide a plan of remedial action for improving and maintaining the water quality. Methods Data on water quality between 1996 and 2005 were analyzed and compared with the standard of GB5749-85 Standards for Drinking Water quality and Ministry of Public Health Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water 2001. Results A total of 606 water samples were analyzed and 25.58% of the samples were satisfactory. The levels of manganese, free residual chlorine, total bacterial count, chrominance, iron and chemical oxygen demand were above the safety standard. Of the items tested by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, the percentage of samples containing a safety level of manganese, free residual chlorine, total bacterial count, chrominance, iron and chemical oxygen demand was 59.57%, 76.73%, 85.81%, 88.12%, 88.94% and 96.37%, respectively. Conclusion The levels of manganese, free residual chlorine, total bacterial count and iron in the domestic water were high. Chlorination of drinking water, regular maintenance and elutriation of water pipeline, avoiding the repeat use of water tank and establishing automatic water monitoring system may improve the water quality.