Detection of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and PVL/mecA genes in cefoxitin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (t044/ST80) from unpasteurized milk sold in stores in Djelfa,Algeria |
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Authors: | Nadia Safia Chenouf Olouwafemi Mistourah Mama Chafik Redha Messaï Laura Ruiz-Ripa Rosa Fernández-Fernández Isabel Carvalho Abdelghani Zitouni Ahcène Hakem Carmen Torres |
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Affiliation: | 1. Laboratoire d''Exploration et de Valorisation des Ecosystèmes Steppiques, BP3117, University of Djelfa, 17000 Algeria;2. Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, BP3117, University of Djelfa, 17000 Algeria;3. Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens (LBSM), BP92, 16050, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Algiers, Algeria;4. Area Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain;5. Laboratoire de Santé et Productions Animales, Rue Issad Abbes, Oued Smar 16000, Ecole Supérieure Nationale Vétérinaire, Algiers, Algeria;6. University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000 Vila Real, Portugal;7. Center of Research in Agropastoralism, Djelfa, 17000, Algeria |
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Abstract: | This study was designed to determine antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes and virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) in unpasteurized milk sold in Djelfa, Algeria. Eighty-two unpasteurized cow milk samples were randomly obtained from 82 retail stores in Djelfa and tested to detect staphylococci. Species were identified by biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF. Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes were determined by disk diffusion test, PCR, and sequencing. The Staph. aureus isolates were subjected to spa typing, multilocus sequence typing, and detection of virulence genes and the scn gene by PCR and sequencing. Forty-five (54.9%) milk samples were contaminated by staphylococci and 45 isolates were recovered: 10 Staph. aureus (12.2% of total samples) and 35 CNS (42.7%). Resistance to penicillin (blaZ), tetracycline (tetL/tetK), and erythromycin (ermB/msrA/ermC) were the most common phenotypes (genotypes). Three CNS were methicillin-resistant and all were mecA-positive. The Staph. aureus isolates were ascribed to the following lineages spa type/sequence type/associated clonal complex (number of isolates)]: t267/ST479/CC479 (n = 6), t1510/ST5651/CC45 (n = 1), t359/ST97/CC97/ (n = 1), t346/ST15/CC15 (n = 1), and t044/ST80 (n = 1). The mecA gene was detected in the cefoxitin-susceptible t044/ST80 isolate and co-harbored the lukF/lukS-PV and scn genes. The detection of mecA-PVL-positive Staph. aureus, methicillin-resistant CNS, and multidrug-resistant staphylococcal species indicates a potentially serious health issue and reveals that unpasteurized milk sold in Djelfa city could be a potential vehicle for pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci. |
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Keywords: | Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) ST80 methicillin-resistant staphylococci |
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