我国露天煤矿无人驾驶及新能源卡车发展现状与关键技术

针对我国露天煤矿受外包运营模式影响而存在的由半连续、连续工艺向间断工艺倒退、由大型化设备向小型化设备倒退的趋势,提出采用无人驾驶矿用卡车、新能源卡车可以实现露天煤矿安全高效、节能环保运输。鉴于我国无人驾驶矿用卡车正处于试验测试阶段,适应恶劣天气及矿山恶劣环境能力差,以及我国新能源矿用卡车研发处在产业化前期,受电池重量、循环寿命、充电速度及电池性能等因素制约的现状,认为,无人驾驶矿用卡车应注重研发非结构化道路无人驾驶感知融合技术、规模化运营智能调度技术及智能协同控制技术、露天矿山时变场景匹配关键技术、高可靠性、高算力无人驾驶计算平台、大型矿用卡车关键部件、基于数字孪生的设备健康管理技术等;大型矿用新能源卡车应致力于高电量、大功率、长寿命动力电池研发关键技术、极端天气下纯电动矿用卡车研发及应用关键技术、载重100 t以上纯电动矿用卡车研发关键技术等。

Development status and key technology of driverless and new energy trucks in open-pit coal mine in China

Aiming at the trend of the reverse from semi continuous and continuous process to discontinuous process and from large-scale equipment to small-scale equipment influenced by outsourcing operation mode in China's open-pit coal mines,it was proposed that driverless mining trucks and new energy trucks could achieve safe,efficient,energy-saving and environmental protection transportation in open-pit coal mines.In view of the fact that China's driverless mining truck was in the stage of test,its ability to adapt to bad weather and harsh mine environment was poor,and China's new energy mining truck research and development was in the early stage of industrialization,which was restricted by the battery weight,cycle life,charging speed and battery performance,it was suggested that the research and development of driverless mining truck should focus on the unstructured road unmanned driving perception fusion technology,large-scale operation intelligent dispatching technology and intelligent collaborative control technology,time-varying scene matching key technology,high reliability,high computational force driverless computing platform,key parts of large mining truck and equipment health management technology based on digital twin.The research and development of large-scale new energy mining truck should be devoted to the key technologies of high electric quantity,high power and long-life power battery,pure electric mining trucks under extreme weather and pure electric mining trucks with a load of more than 100 tons.