家鸭资源利用及优良品种培育

家鸭生物学研究为家鸭起源进化及资源利用提供了理论依据,指导家鸭生产与育种。血清前白蛋白、mtDNA限制性内切酶谱和RAPD证明证据表明,野鸭绿头鸭和斑嘴鸭在我国家鸭品种形成中均有贡献。生化遗传学作为常规育种辅助手段,可用于早期选留种禽。杂种优势利用仍然是提高生产性能的有效手段。分子生物学与数量遗传学的相互交叉与渗透丰富了遗传育种理论,与生产性状相关的多基因性状的遗传规律和分子基础是当前研究的前沿和热点。常规育种技术与现代生物学技术相结合,福建地方良种金定鸭群体平均年蛋量从212枚提高到260枚以上;专门化口系最佳配套组合的产蛋量300枚,总蛋量22kg。生产性能居国际先进水平。金定鸭、北京鸭和番鸭二元杂交的后代,获得亲代的高产、羽色和肉质优势。

Research for Domestic Duck Resources and the Strain Breeding

Biological research on domestic ducks, including mitochndrial DNA restriction map, RAPD and biochemical genetics, showed that both of mallard and spot bill duck contributed to domestic duck evolution. Serum proteins related to economic trait could be used as early stage selection index. Hybridization is an effective tool to improve duck production. Molecular biology joins to duck research will be rich the theory of duck genetics and breeding. Advanced biological technology combining with traditional breeding method, Jingding duck improved its egg production from 212 to 260 eggs per year, and a special strain production as high as 300 eggs in 22 kilogram. Hybrid of Jingding duck, Beijing Duck and muscovy is being as a promising broiler strain of white feather, high meat production and quality.