大型光伏电站对共和盆地荒漠区微气候的影响

目的]揭示光伏电站内外局地小气候的差异,评估大型光伏电站的布设对共和盆地荒漠区小气候的影响。方法]利用自动气象站的观测数据,通过对比对照点和光伏电站内观测点观测得到的基本气象要素(气温、相对湿度、风速和风向、辐射)和土壤温湿度评估大型光伏电站的布设对共和盆地荒漠区小气候的影响。结果]光伏电站的布设使得共和盆地荒漠区相对湿度增加3.93%,这种影响在较干日和夜间表现的更明显。在布设光伏电站后风向由原来的东北风转为以东风为主,光伏电站的布设使得局地风向更加单一。对于风速而言,在布设光伏电站后大风速出现的比例显著降低。大型光伏电站使得共和盆地荒漠区风速减小了53.92%。大型光伏电站使得共和盆地荒漠区10,20,40cm平均土壤温度分别降低17.20%,16.75%和16.09%,对浅层的影响大于深层。光伏电站对共和盆地荒漠区10cm土壤湿度的影响较其他要素更显著,大型光伏电站使得共和盆地荒漠区10cm平均土壤湿度增加了71.61%。结论]大型光伏电站使得共和盆地荒漠区的湿度增加;风向变得单一,风速减小;土壤温度降低和土壤湿度增加。

Effect of Large Photovoltaic Power Station on Microclimate of Desert Region in Gonghe Basin

Objective] The effect of large photovoltaic(PV) power station on micro-climate of desert region in Gonghe Basin was evaluated via comparing basic meteorological factors to reveal the difference of microclimate both inside and outside of the photovoltaic power station.Methods] Based on the meteorological data measured by automatic meteorological station, the impact of large PV power stations on microclimate of desert region in Gonghe Basin was evaluated by comparing the basic meteorological elements, including air temperature, relative humidity(RH), wind speed and direction, solar radiation, and soil temperature and water content of control point and monitoring points.Results] The RH increased by 3.93% in desert region of Gonghe Basin due to the effect of large PV power station, which was more evident in drier day and during nighttime. The prevailing wind direction shifted from northeast to east after PV power station was established, and PV power station made local wind direction more single. As for wind speed, the frequency of high wind was significantly decreased after PV power station was established, and the wind speed reduced by 53.92% in desert region of Gonghe Basin due to the effect of large PV power station. The large PV power station made mean soil temperature reduced by 17.20%, 16.75% and 16.09% at the depth of 10,20,40 cm, and the impact for shallow soil layer was more significant than that for deep soil layer. Additionally, the effect of large PV power station on soil water content in desert region of Gonghe Basin was more obvious than the ones on other factors. The mean soil water content(10 cm) was increased by 71.61% in Gonghe Basin due to the effect of large PV power station.Conclusion] The large PV power station made the relative humidity increased, the prevailing wind direction became single, the wind speed and mean soil temperature decreased, and soil humidity increased in desert region of Gonghe Basin.