气凝胶材料在纺织品上的应用研究进展

为明晰气凝胶的定义并挖掘其在纺织品上的应用价值,综述了气凝胶材料的定义演变历程以及目前国内外在气凝胶基纺织品上的研究现状。具体分析了气凝胶在纺织品上的3种主要应用方法,即凝胶整体成型法、热黏合法和涂层法的工艺流程及其优缺点;围绕气凝胶基纺织品的4种应用形式,包括热防护纺织品、保暖防寒纺织品、超疏水纺织品和消声隔声纺织品,阐明了气凝胶的作用机制并提出该类应用形式目前面临的问题。最后指出,增强力学性能、优化材料配伍、降低制备成本以及推动智能化转型是气凝胶材料未来的重要发展方向。

Research progress in aerogel materials application for textiles

In order to clarify the definition of aerogel and explore its application value in textiles, the evolution of the definition and the domestic and international research status of aerogel-based textiles were reviewed and summarized. The preparation processes of three main application methods of aerogel in textiles, i.e., gel integral molding method, thermal bonding method and coating method, as well as their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed in detail. Focusing on the four application forms of aerogel-based textiles, including thermal protection textiles, warm and cold-proof textiles, super-hydrophobic textiles and noise and sound insulation textiles, this paper expounded the action mechanism of aerogel and pointed out the problems currently in these application forms. Finally, the review concluded that enhancing mechanical properties, optimizing material compatibility, reducing preparation cost and promoting intelligent transformation would be the significant development directions of aerogel materials for the textile field in the future.