水痘病毒感染伴肾小球肾炎和脑炎1例报告

患者15岁,男性,因水痘、肾炎和肾病综合征、肾功能损伤、补体C3下降2个月而入北京中日友好医院肾内科治疗,肾活检证实为毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎伴足细胞增生和肾小管损伤,直接免疫荧光显示IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C1q和纤维蛋白原沿肾小球毛细血管壁和系膜区颗粒状和团块状沉积,透射电子显微镜检查显示电子致密物在肾小球多部位沉积,血清中抗水痘病毒抗体(IgM)阳性,免疫组织化学和原位杂交显示水痘病毒抗原和mRNA存在于肾小球和肾小管上皮细胞,特殊染色和透射电子显微镜显示病毒颗粒和病毒包涵体存在于肾小球和肾小管上皮细胞内。患者住院期间尚有癫痫发作,脑电图及核磁共振证实为病毒性脑炎导致的癫痫,故确诊为水痘病毒感染伴发肾小球肾炎和脑炎。这是1例通过分子病理学方法证实水痘病毒在肾内感染导致的肾小球肾炎。

A case report of varicella-zoster virus infection associated glomerulonephritis and encephalitis

SUMMARY A 15-year-old boy was admitted with nephritic and nephrotic syndrome,renal dysfunction and decreased serum C3,who suffered from varicella for two months.His renal histopathology revealed endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with podocytes proliferation and severe tubular injury by light microscopy.Direct immunofluorescence showed global granular deposition of IgG,IgA,IgM,C3,Clq and fibrinogen in mesangium and along glomerular capillary wall.Electron microscopic examination showed electron-dense deposits in multiple sites of glomeruli.Furthermore,specific serum IgM antibodies against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) were detected.VZV antigen and mRNA were demonstrated in glomerular and tubular epithelial cells by immunohistochemical staining and in-situ hybridization.Virus particles and virus inclusions were identified by electron microscopy and special staining ( Methylene Blue and Eosion staining or Mann staining).The patient also experienced epileptic episodes and his brain MRI and electroenephalogram indicated herpes encephalitis with secondary epilepsy.Therefore,the diagnosis of VZV-associated glomerulonephritis and encephalitis was established.This is the first case of VZV-associated glomerulonephritis with renal histooathological evidence using in situ hybridization technique.