《史记·孔子世家》辨惑

学者对《史记·孔子世家》一文存在不少争议，要之有二：一是体例上，司马迁著孔子之传是挂靠“列传”还是入籍“世家”？二在内容上，太史公述孔子言行是尤多“妄言”还是别有“诗心”？孔子言行是否尤多妄言虚语。对于前者，古代学者有一个误解，即认为“世家体”在司马迁时代已是一种述史定例。司马迁实际上是因孔子“追修经述”以“拨乱反正”白于伟大历史实践才将其列人世家的。对于后者，古代学者只知其一，未明其二。太史公实际上是有意运用不实史料以揭示孔子一生“不用”的悲剧，以表达自己的悲孔惜圣之心。

Two Discussions on Biography of Confucius of Historical Records

There are two main disputes about Biography of Confucius of Historical Records. Firstly, whether Confucius should be collected in Biography of Confucius of Historical Records or not ; another is whether Sima Qian wrote much about Confucius or not. As for the former, many ancient scholars made a mistake, namely, they regarded Biography of Confucius of Historical Records as a regular pattern of record history at Sima Qian ＇ s times. In fact, Confucius was fit into Historical Records for his great practice at ＂bringing into order out chaos＂ and his tremendous influence in learning and his sublime history status. And for the latter, many ancient scholars had no integrated understanding about it. Sima Qian intentionally used false history materials in order to disclose Confucius＇ s tragic life which he can not be put in an important position and express his sorrowful mentality to Confucius.