枸杞中重金属及有害元素形态分布及其安全性评价

目的对枸杞Lycium barbarum L.中重金属(Cu、Cd、Pb和Hg)及有害元素As的形态进行分析,了解枸杞样品中重金属及有害元素的形态分布,并对其安全性进行评价。方法采用Tessier连续提取法提取枸杞样品中不同形态的重金属及有害元素,利用原子吸收分光光度法对所测重金属及有害元素的含量进行测定;参照2015年版《中国药典》枸杞项下的重金属限量标准对其进行安全性评价。结果所测枸杞样品不同形态的4种重金属元素Cu、Cd、Pb和Hg的总量分别为44.351 7,0,2.614 1和0.056 9mg·kg-1,有害元素As的总量为0.359 5mg·kg-1;其中Cu元素以残渣态为主,占总量的24%;Pb元素几乎全以铁-锰氧化物结合态存在;Hg元素以水溶态为主,占其总量的18%;As元素残渣态含量最高,占其总量的29%。所测4种重金属及有害元素的单一形态含量均符合2015年版《中国药典》的规定。结论研究结果对枸杞的临床应用及其重金属和有害元素的控制有一定的指导意义。

Distribution and safety evaluation of heavy metals and harmful element in Lycium barbarum L.

Objective To analyze the heavy matals (Cu, Cd, Pb and Hg) and harmful element As in Lycium barbarum L., to explore the speciation distribution characteristics of heavy metals and As, and to evaluate its safety.Methods Tessier method was used to extract different forms of heavy metals and As.Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the contents of heavy metals and As.The limit standard of heavy metals of Lycium barbarum L.in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition) was used to evaluate the safety.Results The total amount of Cu, Cd, Pb and Hg in the 4 forms of Lycium barbarum L.were 44.351 7, 0, 2.614 1 and 0.056 9 mg·kg-1, respectively.The total amount of harmful elements As was 0.359 5 mg·kg-1.The largest proportion of Cu was in residual state, accounted for 24% of the total.Pb element existed almost entirely in iron-manganese oxide combination patterns.The highest content of As element was in residual state, accounted for 29% of the total.Hg element was given priority to water soluble, accounted for 18% of the total.The measured 4 kinds of heavy metal and As content in a single form were all conformed to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition).Conclusion The results can be used in the clinical application and heavy metal control of Lycium barbarum L..