竖缝式鱼道结构及水力特性研究

随着越来越多大坝堤堰的修建，鱼类的洄游和繁殖受到了严重的影响。为了保持鱼类的生存繁衍，许多水利枢纽工程中都建有鱼道。研究利用fluent软件模拟了竖缝式鱼道的流场，并用模型试验对数值模拟进行了验证，分析了竖缝式鱼道导板的长度及导角大小对鱼道内流场的影响。研究结果表明:在鱼道流量及水池长宽比一定的情况下，若不考虑边壁的阻碍作用，导角越大，竖缝射流的衰减速度越快，主流轨迹的弯曲程度也越大，也越容易冲撞到边壁；导板的长度基本上对主流的扩散及衰减没有影响，但能通过改变主流在鱼道内的位置来改变边壁对流态影响程度。

Study on Structure and Hydraulic Characteristics of Vertical-Slot Fishway

 Owing to the increase of dam construction, fish migration and fish spawning have been severely affected. In order to maintain the fish to survive and multiply, many fishways have been built. In this paper, a series of numerical model tests were conducted to simulate the flow fields of vertical-slot fishways via the fluent software. And afterwards physical model experiments were performed to verify the numerical simulation. The impacts of guide plate length and lead angle on the flow field were analyzed. The results show that when the discharge and the length to breadth ratio of the fish-pond are constant, ignoring the influence of the side wall, the larger the lead angle is, the faster the vertical slot jet will decay, the more meandering the mainstream will be, and the easier the mainstream will collide the side wall. The results also show that the length of the guide has barely any direct effect on the spread and decay of mainstream, but it will impact on flow field through walls as it changes the location of mainstream in the fishway.