基于ICF智力与发展性障碍儿童体质健康研究

目的 探讨接受特殊教育的智力与发展性障碍儿童体质健康功能状况及影响因素,基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)建立结构化的体质分析与运动干预方案。方法 基于ICF架构和方法,分析智力与发展性障碍学生功能状态和体质特点以及影响因素,参照世界卫生组织(WHO)身体活动指南要求,构建基于功能的智力与发展性残疾儿童体质干预方案。结果 基于ICF对智力与发展性障碍儿童的整体功能状态,特别是与智力残疾相关智力功能、活动和参与以及环境因素进行系统分析,并且结合相关的运动功能和体质健康进行讨论。基于ICF,参照《WHO关于身体活动和久坐行为的指南》(儿童青少年)制定身体活动方案,研究相关的适应性支持策略。结论 基于ICF可以对智力与发展性障碍儿童进行整体功能状态分析,涉及身体功能(包括智力功能和运动功能)、活动和参与以及环境因素。基于《WHO关于身体活动和久坐行为的指南》和ICF架构,构建了适用于智力与发展性障碍儿童的针对体质健康的身体活动方案,以及实施方案的适应性和支持性教学与训练方法。

Physical Fitness for Children from Special Education Schools Based on ICF

Objective To explore the functional status and influencing factors of physical fitness of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities enrolled in special education, and to establish framework of physical fitness for analysis of physical fitness and exercise intervention using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods Based on the ICF apporach, we analyzed the functional status and physical fitness characteristics and influencing factors of students in special education schools, and developed a function-based physical fitness intervention program for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities with reference to the requirements of WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior (2020). Results A systematic analysis of the overall functional status of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities based on ICF, especially intellectual functions, activities and environmental factors related to intellectual disability, was conducted and discussed in the context of related motor functions and physical fitness. A physical activity program was developed based on the ICF and with reference to WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior (Children and Adolescents), and related adaptive support strategies were proposed. Conclusion The overall functional status of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities has been analyzed in body functioning (both intellectual and motor), activity and participation, and environmental factors. Based on WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior and the ICF framework, a physical activity program for physical fitness with adaptive and supportive teaching and training methods, has been developed for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities.