食品中常见过敏原及检测技术研究进展

近年来，食物过敏发生率呈现上升趋势，由食物过敏引发的食品安全问题引起广泛关注。目前对于食物过敏尚无有效治疗手段，避免摄入含过敏原食物是最有效的预防方式。因此，过敏原检测与标识对过敏人群具有重要的警示意义。本文介绍了8 类常见致敏食品中主要过敏原的结构与致敏特点，综述了现阶段用于过敏原检测的主要技术，包括基于蛋白水平的免疫学检测技术、基因水平的分子生物学检测技术以及质谱技术，分析了各方法的优势与局限性，并对过敏原检测技术的发展方向进行了展望。

Progress in Common Food Allergens and Technologies for Their Detection

In recent years, the incidence of food allergy is increasing, so that food safety issues caused by food allergic reactions have gained extensive attention. Although at present, there is yet no effective treatment for allergic diseases, to avoid foods containing allergens is the most effective method for preventing allergic reactions. Therefore, allergen detection and labeling are of important warning significance for allergic people. This article introduces readers to the structures and characteristics of eight common food allergens, and summarizes the three major detection methods for allergens, namely protein-based immunological assays, gene-based molecular biological technology and mass spectrometry with a focus on their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, potential future directions in this area are discussed.