高速铁路动态定价与票额分配协同优化研究

目前我国高速铁路票价制定还比较缺乏灵活的市场化机制,严重影响铁路运输企业收益和服务水平的提高。基于高速铁路旅客出行规律和收益管理策略,研究高速铁路动态定价与票额分配协同优化方法。在分析旅客出行价格需求弹性的基础上,构建基于Logit模型的客流弹性函数,考虑临近发车客票不涨价和运输能力等约束,建立以期望客票总收入最大化为目标的优化模型,设计一种基于超分方程的分步算法,求解不同时段下不同列车的最优票价与票额分配方案。以京沪高速铁路为例进行计算和分析,与固定费率票价相比,动态票价策略能保证服务水平,系统总客流需求下降0.73%,企业客票总收益提高4.95%。

Study on Collaborative Optimization of Dynamic Pricing and Ticket Allocation for High-speed Trains

The lack of flexible marketization mechanism in the formulation of high-speed railway(HSR)ticket prices in China has seriously affected the improvement of the revenue and service level of railway transport enterprises.Based on the rules of HSR passenger travel and revenue management strategies,the method of collaborative optimization of dynamic pricing and ticket allocation for China’s HSR trains was studied.On the basis of the analysis of the price demand elasticity of passenger travel,the Logit-based elastic function of passenger flow was constructed.An optimization model was developed under the constraints of non-reduction in ticket price and transportation capacity,to maximize the total expected ticket revenue.A fractional step algorithm based on transcendental equation was designed to solve the optimal price and ticket allocation problem for different trains in different time periods.Finally,calculation and analysis were conducted based on the case study of Beijing—Shanghai HSR.Compared with the fixed rate fare,dynamic pricing strategy can guarantee the service level of HSR trains,resulting in 0.73%reduction of total passenger flow demand and 4.95%increase in total ticket revenue.